獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是介于分詞和主謂句之間的非謂語形式，對于分詞來講其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，而獨(dú)立主格則在很大程度上克服了這一局限性
1、主要特征
(1) 獨(dú)立主格是含有主語的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞與主語間是主謂關(guān)系，
基本形式為：主語+現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞
如：his heart bleeding
the baby crying
the project completed
The school being over, the street was full of the students.
= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
(2)切記獨(dú)立主格不等同于主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，
比較：my mind wandering (獨(dú)立主格)；
My mind was wandering (主謂結(jié)構(gòu))
(3)獨(dú)立主格的主語和句子主語不一致
如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn't utter a word. (獨(dú)立主格)
對于分詞來講其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致:
Filling his mouth with water, he couldn't utter a word.
2. 在句子中的作用
獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中表示時(shí)間、條件，原因、伴隨狀態(tài)等
如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (時(shí)間)
Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (條件)
Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴隨)
例題：
(1)
----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
(A) If
(B) But
(C) With
(D)Once
答案：C
解釋：句中主干完整, 主語是designers, 謂語是are attempting, 之后是不定式構(gòu)成的賓語. 空白后 becoming 采取分詞形式, modern offices是becoming的邏輯主語, 因此可確定需填入的詞會與原句構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu), 而不是從句, A B D可一次性排除, 其實(shí)此句除去空白處, 已是完整的句子, 類似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
注意: 表示伴隨狀態(tài)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)通常可以由with引導(dǎo), 如本例題.
