考點(diǎn)四 是否用不定式
1．有部分動詞的習(xí)慣用法要求采用不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本形式為：動詞+賓語+不定式，
如：enable him to dance, cause the little girl to cry,
consider it to be a great honor, imagine herself to a soprano
常接不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的詞有：allow, enable, cause, ask, expect, invite, advise, permit, oblige, help, encourage, persuade, instruct, command, urge, consider, believe, declare, etc.
注意：help既可以接不定式，也可以接動詞原形（或稱不帶to的不定式），
如：help him to clean the lab, help me do the housework
例題：
(1)
The flexibility of film allows the artist ----unbridled imagination to the animation of cartoon characters.
(A) to bring
(B) bringing
(C) is brought
(D) brings
答案：A
解釋：allow somebody to do sth.屬于固定動詞詞組搭配,
若allow之后無賓語則用allow doing 的形式。
例: Mum doesn’t allow me to eat too much chocolate.
Sorry, sir, but we don’t allow smoking here.
(2)
A dictionary allows quick access to the meaning of a word only if one knows how spell the word.
應(yīng)改為：how to spell
解釋：how和spell不能連用，應(yīng)變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ綇?fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，加上to, 構(gòu)成know的賓語
2. 在一些表示“意圖”、“目的”、“傾向”等意思的動詞、形容詞后面經(jīng)常要跟不定式，而表示同樣意思的名詞后面經(jīng)常需要用不定式做定語
例句：
Having lost the election, the presidential candidate intend to support the opposition despite the objections of his staff.
Many modern photographers attempt to manipulate elements of photography other than light in their photographs.
這樣的動詞還有tend, plan, expect, endeavor, try, wish等
He is anxious to go home.
I am inclinded to work in Shanghai.
這樣的形容詞還有able, apt, eager, glad, ready, likely等
A loan may be acknowledged by a bond , a promissory note, or a mere promise to repay.
He has the inclination to grow fat.
這樣的名詞還有ablility , effort , attempt, anxiety,determination, inclination, plan 等
例題：
(1)
Billie Holiday’s reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability ----emotional depth to her songs.
(A) be giving
(B) are given
(C) being given
(D) to give
答案：D
解釋：此句主謂俱全, 主語reputation, 謂語rests on, 缺少賓語ability的修飾成分. 根據(jù)謂語唯一原則可首先排除A B； C是被動式, 后面不能有賓語, 亦可排除; D為不定式作定語, the ability to do即做某事的能力
