考點三 獨立主格結構
獨立主格結構是介于分詞和主謂句之間的非謂語形式，對于分詞來講其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致，而獨立主格則在很大程度上克服了這一局限性
1、主要特征
(1) 獨立主格是含有主語的分詞結構，分詞與主語間是主謂關系，
基本形式為：主語+現在分詞或過去分詞
如：his heart bleeding
the baby crying
the project completed
The school being over, the street was full of the students.
= When the school was over, the street was full of the students.
(2)切記獨立主格不等同于主謂結構，
比較：my mind wandering (獨立主格)；
My mind was wandering (主謂結構)
(3)獨立主格的主語和句子主語不一致
如：(With) His mouth filled with water, he couldn’t utter a word. (獨立主格)
對于分詞來講其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語保持一致:
Filling his mouth with water, he couldn’t utter a word.
2. 在句子中的作用
獨立主格結構通常在句中表示時間、條件，原因、伴隨狀態等
如：The film being over, we had a stroll on the nearby street. (時間)
Weather permitting, I will go fishing with my family. (條件)
Time pressing, they had to work overtime. (原因)
The leaves rustling in the breeze, I roamed on the country road. (伴隨)
例題：
(1)
----modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
(A) If
(B) But
(C) With
(D)Once
答案：C
解釋：句中主干完整, 主語是designers, 謂語是are attempting, 之后是不定式構成的賓語. 空白后 becoming 采取分詞形式, modern offices是becoming的邏輯主語, 因此可確定需填入的詞會與原句構成獨立主格結構, 而不是從句, A B D可一次性排除, 其實此句除去空白處, 已是完整的句子, 類似句子如: The man entered the room, his hair flying in the air.
注意: 表示伴隨狀態的獨立主格結構通�？梢杂蓋ith引導, 如本例題.
