星火英語15篇文章貫通5-6級詞匯 Unit9-Part1

作者：不詳　發(fā)布時間：2010-01-13 14:36:32　來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)

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　　[00:00.00]UNIT9
　　[00:13.00]Chinese-American Relations: A History(Ⅱ)
　　[00:17.38]The Cold War to the Present
　　[00:19.57]The Cold War
　　[00:21.20]After the war, a new war
　　[00:24.49]of international tension, intrigue
　　[00:26.89]and political posturing, called the Cold War,
　　[00:29.20]forced the U.S. to scrap
　　[00:31.16]any thoughts of the false comforts
　　[00:33.13]of official isolation. It joined
　　[00:35.98]the United Nations (UN) and other
　　[00:38.49]international organizations, such as
　　[00:40.68]the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO),
　　[00:42.87]the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
　　[00:46.04]and the General Agreement on Tariff
　　[00:48.67]and Trade (GATT). It was determined
　　[00:50.96]to play a major, if not
　　[00:52.61]dominant role, in post war
　　[00:54.36]international affairs. The world
　　[00:56.87]was the stage for intense rivalry
　　[00:58.51]between the Communists, on one side,
　　[01:00.70]and democratic Capitalists on the other.
　　[01:03.33]It fostered close scrutiny
　　[01:05.41]of each other, as well as
　　[01:07.16]a brisk interchange of often fabricated
　　[01:09.68]and distorted propaganda between
　　[01:11.75]the polarized sides. It injected
　　[01:14.49]the fear that if one side blinked,
　　[01:16.68]a nuclear war would be triggered.
　　[01:18.65]The world, seemingly, was always
　　[01:21.49]on the verge of warfare.
　　[01:23.13]This environment placed the United States
　　[01:25.21]and China on opposite sides
　　[01:27.18]once the Communists took power
　　[01:28.82]in China in 1949. This constant
　　[01:31.56]friction jeopardized chances for
　　[01:33.85]meaningful political interaction and intercourse.
　　[01:36.37]This atmosphere of distrust and fear
　　[01:39.21]left little incentive for the
　　[01:41.18]different sides to talk seriously.
　　[01:42.93]By the end of the Second World War,
　　[01:46.32]or during the last year or
　　[01:48.42]two of the war, the world stage
　　[01:49.83]was being set for the Cold War.
　　[01:51.26]President Truman's attitude toward China hardened.
　　[01:54.32]American policy was explicit that
　　[01:57.60]only one China, Nationalist China
　　[02:00.23]led by Chiang Kaishek, on the island
　　[02:02.53]of Taiwan, was the official China.
　　[02:05.04]The Americans made it abundantly clear,
　　[02:07.45]that Mao Tsetung's Communist Regime,
　　[02:09.75]on mainland China, would not occupy
　　[02:11.94]China's permanent seat in the United Nations
　　[02:14.56]Security Council.
　　[02:16.31]The outbreak of war on
　　[02:18.06]the Korean Peninsula brought about
　　[02:20.46]an abrupt change of focus
　　[02:22.11]in American foreign policy.
　　[02:23.42]The new American strategy was
　　[02:25.61]to militarily isolate or alienate
　　[02:28.67]China in Asia. To accomplish this,
　　[02:31.85]the United States established bases
　　[02:34.58]in East Asia and mutual defense
　　[02:36.33]treaties in East Asia. Treaties
　　[02:38.63]were negotiated with Japan, the Philippines,
　　[02:41.25]Australia, and New Zealand. American
　　[02:44.87]President Eisenhower later expanded
　　[02:47.82]these to include South Korea,
　　[02:49.35]Pakistan, and Thailand. To cap off
　　[02:52.74]this antiChina strategy, the US
　　[02:55.37]strengthened ties with Taiwan or
　　[02:57.33]Nationalist China, with which
　　[02:59.31]the former had official diplomatic ties.
　　[03:01.49]In the 1950s, American power and
　　[03:05.87]credibility deteriorated somewhat
　　[03:08.38]in the Cold War. Its own people,
　　[03:10.35]who began to oppose McCarthyism
　　[03:12.87]and the blunt anti-communist policies
　　[03:15.28]of John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary
　　[03:18.56]of State in the Eisenhower Administration,
　　[03:20.64]helped to undermined national prestige.
　　[03:24.14]In 1953, Josef Stalin,
　　[03:28.08]the Soviet leader, died. These events
　　[03:30.92]helped to bring about a shift
　　[03:33.22]in direction in American foreign policy.
　　[03:34.86]The United States began to
　　[03:36.80]look more to Asian events as
　　[03:38.78]major threats to America's national security.
　　[03:40.85]The Iron Curtain was firmly established
　　[03:44.57]in Europe, and NATO forces provided
　　[03:46.65]secure protection on the western side
　　[03:48.94]of the curtain. For the time being,
　　[03:50.92]things looked fairly stable in Europe.
　　[03:53.32]In the East, because of
　　[03:55.40]the end of the Korean War and
　　[03:56.82]the exodus of the French from
　　[03:58.47]Indo-China, things were not
　　[04:00.43]as stable. The American political
　　[04:02.73]elite contended that the foremost
　　[04:04.70]problem was the vacuum left
　　[04:06.89]by the French withdrawal from Indo-China.
　　[04:08.97]To officials in the United States,
　　[04:13.12]this void must not be filled
　　[04:15.10]by another communist regime.
　　[04:16.95]The realization of objectives
　　[04:19.14]of the domino theory (the essence
　　[04:21.55]of which was, that if not checked,
　　[04:23.63]countries in an given area
　　[04:25.38]will all gradually fall to
　　[04:27.02]communist rule) could not be
　　[04:29.87]allowed to perpetuate. The Chinese Revolution
　　[04:32.27]had established a communist regime
　　[04:34.35]in the most populous country
　　[04:35.77]in the world, and the tensions
　　[04:37.30]between North and South Korea
　　[04:39.17]were not going to go
　　[04:40.70]away overnight. Success of
　　[04:42.87]the domino theory looked more likely
　　[04:45.27]in Asia than in Europe.
　　[04:47.25]The United States felt that
　　[04:49.32]it needed to concentrate its energies
　　[04:50.96]and resources in Asia.
　　[04:52.72]American policies, during the 1960s
　　[04:55.78]and early 1970s, essentially were
　　[04:59.93]to prevent communist takeovers in Asia,
　　[05:03.07]in particular, particularly in South Vietnam
　　[05:06.59]and Taiwan. American policy
　　[05:09.45]was to contain communism where
　　[05:11.53]it already existed, while simultaneously
　　[05:14.16]coexisting peacefully with its cold war
　　[05:17.01]communist rivals. Military expenditures
　　[05:20.72]increased as defense budgets went
　　[05:22.69]sky high with democratic and communist
　　[05:25.31]bureaucracies building huge arsenals
　　[05:28.16]or inventories of high velocity,
　　[05:30.24]even supersonic destructive nuclear weapons,
　　[05:33.52]in a very fragile polarized world.
　　[05:36.49]Even China tested a thermal
　　[05:38.68]nuclear weapon in the early 60s.

課程名稱	老師	課時	試聽	報名	學(xué)費
大學(xué)英語四級精講班	嚴(yán)邵陽	56	試聽	報名	￥200
四級425速成--聽力	歐文	8	試聽	報名	￥80
四級425速成--閱讀	歐文	14	試聽	報名	￥90
四級425速成--綜合	歐文	13	試聽	報名	￥80
四級425速成--寫作	歐文	16	試聽	報名	￥90
四級經(jīng)典歷年真題	歐文	10	試聽	報名	￥80
大學(xué)英語六級聽力	齊方煒	7	試聽	報名	￥100
大學(xué)英語六級閱讀	齊方煒	7	試聽	報名	￥100
大學(xué)英語六級寫作	歐文	14	試聽	報名	￥100
大學(xué)英語六級新題型	歐文	15	試聽	報名	￥100
大學(xué)英語六級詞匯	歐文	15	試聽	報名	￥100
大學(xué)英語六級模擬題	歐文	5(贈)	無	報名	￥50

	【責(zé)任編輯：蘇婧糾錯】

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