CET閱讀難點關鍵句100句
1. Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.
2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.
3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.
4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.
5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.
6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thous and people of different ages and varying occupations.
7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect (智能)and emotion, and determine the human character.
8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.
9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.
10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.
11. We know that you have a high opinion of the kind of learning taught in your colleges, and that the costs of living of our young men, while with you, would be very expensive to you.
12. But you must know that different nations have different ways of looking at things, and you will therefore not be offended if our ideas of this kind of education happen not to be the same as yours.
13. We are, however, not the less obliged by your kind offer, though we refuse to accept it; and, to show our grateful sense of it, if the gentlemen of Virginia will send us a dozen of their sons, we will take care of their education, teach them in all we know , and make men of them.
14. In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earth’s postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day.
15. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives. We are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.
16. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.
17. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.
18. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.
19. The first time that the question “ What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.
20. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.
第一部分（1-20句譯文）
1、系好安全帶能夠挽救性命，它能將喪生和重傷的概率減少一半以上。
2、但是司機有責任確保14歲以下的孩子不要坐在前排，除非他們系好了安全帶。
3、當然，如果有以下情況你可以不系安全帶：你在倒車時，或者你用一種特殊交通工具進行當地的貨物運送、收集時，或者你有合法的醫學證明你不能系安全帶時。
4、注意你如果不這么做（系安全帶）的話，你有可能被告上法庭，而且你有可能被處以罰款除非你能證明你有不帶安全帶的理由。
5、Taiju Matsuzawa 教授想找出為什么日本北部的健康農民在相對年輕的年齡就顯得開始失去思考與推理的能力的原因以及怎樣才能延緩老化過程。
6、在東京國立大學的同事們的幫助下，他開始對一千來自不同職業的人群進行了大腦體積的測量。
7、計算機技術幫助研究人員獲得人腦前部和側部的準確體積，這是與人的智能和情緒有關的部分，而且也決定人的性格特點。
8、有的人(大腦)前部和側部的收縮——隨著細胞的死亡——在三十多歲時就能被觀察到了，但是也有些人直到六七歲依然不明顯。
9、研究結果表明在農村的人大腦收縮基本上比城市里的人要早。
10、在政府部門從事簡單重復工作的白領也像農場工人、公共汽車司機和商店職員一樣大腦細胞容易收縮。
11、我們知道你們很看重你們在大學里面教育的學習方法，而且我們的年輕人與你們生活的花費即使對于你們來說也不便宜。
12、但是你們也要明白不同的民族看待事物有不同的方法，所以如果剛好我們的看法與你們的不一樣的話，你們也不應覺的被冒犯了。
13、當然，對于你們的盛情我們沒有被逼迫的感覺，盡管我們拒絕接受。而且，為了表示我們的感謝，如果維吉利亞洲的紳士們愿意派來一些他們的子弟的話，我們會盡全力教育他們，并把他們培養成為真正的男人。
14、在這個像是計算機史前時代的時代，地球的戰后時代，人們普遍擔憂有一天計算機會取代人類控制世界。
15、今天或者不到五十年后，計算機將越來越多的減輕人們的工作事務和日常瑣事。我們也將面對一個沒有什么戲劇性和更不可預測的問題。
16、顯然，如果你不得不檢查計算機提供的所有答案的話，對它投資就沒有任何意義了。但是當人們覺的計算機確實出了一些問題的時候，應該靠自己內部的“計算機”來檢查機器。
17、當然牛頓在他的作品中寫到了一些理論方面的東西，但他不愿進行更加深刻的研究。
18、除了一些洲際旅行者和以大海為生的人，對于大多數人來說，大海是遙遠的，沒有什么必要提出太多問題，更別說思考大海海底的東西了。
19、當鋪設一條從歐洲到美洲的海底電報光纜的時候，出于商業動機，人們第一次不得不回答這個問題“海底是什么東西”。
20、在早期的嘗試中，光纜鋪設失敗，不得不取出來維修。這時人們發現上面覆蓋有生物，這推翻了當時科學界認為深海沒有生命的理論。 21. For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.
22. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs.
23. The effective work of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities.
24. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
25. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
26. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
27. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyse and evaluate to communicate effectively.
28. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?
29. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupil’s technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which contained some beautiful expressions of the child’s deep feelings.
30. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centred on the child’s ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation would have given the pupil more motivation to seek improvement.
31. Given the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.
32. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling depends almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.
33. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.
34. They are trying to find out whether there is something about the way we teach language to children which in fact prevents children from learning sooner.
35. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which weighed over 10,000 kilos.
36. Since different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, taking in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.
37. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, so they will wait beside the hole and kill it.
38. We may be able to decide whether someone is white only by seeing if they have none of the features that would mark them clearly as a member of another race.
39. Although signs of dishonesty in school , business and government seem much more numerous in years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?
40. It is not quite a matter of disagreeing with the theory of independence, but of rejecting its implications: that the romances may be taken in any or no particular order, that they have no cumulative effect, and that they are as separate as the works of a modern novelist.
第二部分（21-40句譯文）
21、學生們所學的每一門課程都有分數，而且要被記錄存檔，這可以用來提供給將來學生的雇主們。
22、所有這些給學生們施加了很大的壓力，盡管如此，學生們還是積極參加學生活動。
23、而有效遵守紀律的學生們往往是那些經常給校方提建議的學生。
24、當丈夫們和妻子們認識到這種能量圈的意思以及各個家庭成員所處的圈之后，許多家庭爭吵就結束了。
25、只要可能，在下午做那些程序化的工作，把需要更多能量的工作留到你效率最好的時候去做。
26、我們也很看重個人品德和社交技能，我們發現混合能力的教育對學習的各個方面都有幫助。
27、他們也要學習如何處理個人問題和怎樣思考，怎樣決策、分析和評估以及有效溝通。
28、問題是，怎樣鼓勵一個孩子在寫作時自由自信的表達自己，而不被拼寫的復雜所捆繞。
29、這可能是對學生在寫作中的技術能力的尖銳批評，但也是老師的失敗的悲哀反映——忽略了朗讀文章，這其中優美的表達可以激發孩子們的深刻感受。
30、老師注重錯誤沒錯，但是如果他更注重孩子的思想的話，他失望的表現會使孩子有提高的動力。
31、根據政府和私人雇主的性質來看，私人雇主更有可能采取歧視。
32、這種化合物通過碳的釋放來實現循環，主要依靠喜氧和厭氧細菌以及一些菌類的活動。
33、一場激烈的爭論在一個女孩和一位少校中展開了，前者說女人們已經不再“看到老鼠就從椅子上跳起來”了，而后者說她們依然那樣。
34、他們在嘗試尋找是否我們教授孩子們語言的方法中有阻礙孩子們迅速學習語言的東西。
35、使用計算機來拷貝大腦工作方式的數學家們發現即使使用最先進的電子設備，他們也要建造一臺超過10，000公斤的計算機。
36、既然不同的人們在他們的業余時間做不同的事情，我們可以列出一長串愛好列表，包括從收集火柴盒到養珍稀魚類以及學習星學和制造航模等各種消遣。
37、他們知道在冰面下面游泳的海豹呼吸的熱氣會使冰面上出現洞口，于是他們就在洞旁守侯并捕殺海豹。
38、只要一個人沒有屬于其他人種的明顯的特征，我們就可以判斷他是否屬于白色人種。
39、盡管在學校，企業和政府中不誠實的欺詐行為近年來比以往都要多，大那也許是因為我們在這些方面加大了揭露的力度。
40、并不是與獨立理論不一致，而是與其應用不相符合：愛情小說可以以任何一種形式展現或者根本沒有特殊的規律，他們沒有累積效果，就象現代小說家的作品一樣獨立。 41. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.
42. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining — the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.
43. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.
44. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.
45. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.
46. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.
47. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains.
48. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takers made out, and as regards our more immediate concern, the reliability of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.
49. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis of the spine who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.
50. Yet across the gulf of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.
51. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “ union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.
52. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.
53. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.
54. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.
55. The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping to predict earthquakes.
56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.
57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers, whose flights are within the Earth’s atmosphere, from hitting their targets.
58. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.
59. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parents, is yet considered emotionally “ priceless”.
60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo.
第三部分（41-60句譯文）
41、對于針對美國黑人的種族歧視，他的理論相對成立得較好，但是他將種族偏見如此定義：“在某一特定區域內的種族競爭中被普遍接受的一個種族所受到的基于種族的負面偏見。”可以看作也包含有對象加州的中國人以及中世紀的猶太人等少數民族的敵視。
42、加特曼確鑿地說明黑人家庭的穩定鼓勵了黑人文化遺產的傳遞和維護，這些遺產包括從一代傳到另一代的民間傳說，音樂，和宗教表述，這些遺產使非洲和美洲的奴隸們特色顯著。
43、即使社會系統的民間知識中像掙錢，花費，組織，婚嫁，政治活動的參與，以及戰斗等等，都與從社會科學中衍生出來更加精細的社會系統描述相差不多，盡管它是建立在一個不太完善的個人經驗上的模型。
44、有幾項措施可以采取，其中主要的是要所有宣布以保護動物利益為目標的組織都明確宣布他們對于人類所受到的暴力襲擊表決堅定的立場、
45、用其他方式來展示神經類型的細微差別也是可能的，然而，要證明脈沖質量和傳導受到這些差別的影響還缺乏證據，看起來這些差別影響的是神經單元的發展形成方式。
46、根據這一理論，不是由感覺神經脈沖的質量來決定他們產生的各種神經感覺的，而是由他們被發射到大腦的哪一部位來決定的，對這一觀點是有證據的。
47、磨擦的結果是，在葉面上服從正態分布的地方就會產生兩種分布方式，頂點上主要是小塊，其他的地方是小塊，其他的地方是大塊的地方。
48、圣經沒有告訴我們羅馬的數據統計者們怎樣達到我們今天的經濟預測的可靠性的，我們進一步思考的話，其中的意見上有很大的不同。
49、在英國進行的一項調查證實經常接受X光照射的脊椎關節炎患者癌癥的百分比高得不正常。
50、然而，穿過太空的港灣，那里的意識對于我們的來說就像我們的意識比動物的意識一樣，冷酷廣博而無情的智慧，用嫉妒的眼睛看作地球，慢慢地肯定會制定針對我們的計劃。
51、即使是學術界被長時間認作必須“同盟卡”的博士學位，現在也因為僅僅為了學習本身和知識的累積而學習，卻不把知識應用到教授的教學職責中去而受到了嚴厲的批評。
52、盡管收集必要的信息對于兩者來說都是需要的，但官員必須以中立和清晰的態度來提供事實的畫面，而藝術家從已設字的信息或者態度開始，并將其過用激發讀者共鳴和情緒反應的詞語描寫的動用細節描述出來。
53、流行期刊中甚至有文章批評國民生產總值，因為它并不是一個福利目錄，一方面忽視了它從來就沒有這種傾向，另一方面的建議是通過正確的改變它才能被轉化過來。
54、其他的實驗揭示神經細胞的大小、數量、排列和連接的細微變化，但就神經關聯而言，這些感覺區域的相似性比那些細微的區別更有意義可言。
55、中國向農民和其它農村住戶發放了宣傳刊物，指導他們觀察動物，以便每戶人家都能參與幫助地震預報。
56、星球大戰防御系統的支持者們希望它不僅能保護一個遭受核攻擊的國家，也希望它能成為使核攻擊永不發生的足夠威脅。
57、它也不能防止軌道在地球大氣層以內的洲際導彈和轟炸機命中目標。
58、人民活動家一直認為黑人和拉丁美人難以在生意上立足的原因是因為他們難以取得大公司的大宗定單和分包合同。
59、她認為十九世紀給家庭經濟作出貢獻的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改變了，今天提到那些沒有掙取收入的“無用”孩子，甚至還要花銷很多，仍然在情感上被認為是無價的。
60、這種關于孩子的觀點到19世紀時已在中上階級中建立，并于19世紀末20世紀初在社會上廣泛傳播，當時改革者們推行童工規定和義務教育法，部分來源于孩子的情感價值的假設，這都使得使用童工被禁止了。 61. Of course, it would be as dangerous to overreact to history by concluding that the majority must now be wrong about expansion as it would be to re-enact the response that greeted the suggestion that the continents had drifted.
62. While the fact of this consumer revolution is hardly in doubt, three key questions remain: who were the consumers? What were their motives?And what were the effect of the new demand for luxuries?
63. Although it has been possible to infer from the goods and services actually produced what manufacturers and servicing trades thought their customers wanted, only a study of relevant personal documents written by actual consumers will provide a precise picture of who wanted what.
64. With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Grassy does not deny their frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630’s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in retrospect.
65. If we take the age-and sex-specific unemployment rates that existed in 1956 (when the overall unemployment rate was 4.1 percent) and weight them by the age- and sex-specific shares of the labor force that prevail currently, the overall unemployment rate becomes 5 percent.
66. He was puzzled that I did not want what was obviously a “ step up” toward what all Americans are taught to want when they grow up: money and power.
67. Unless productivity growth is unexpectedly large, however, the expansion of real output must eventually begin to slow down to the economy’s larger run growth potential if generalized demnd pressures on prices are to be avoided.
68. However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does from industrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment and producing most of the income—namely ,the developing country partner.
69. The pursuit of private interests with as little interference as possible from government was seen as the road to human happiness and progress rather than the public obligation and involvement in the collective community that emphasized by the Greeks.
70. The defense lawyer relied on long-standing principles governing the conduct of prosecuting attorneys: as quasi-judicial officers of the court they are under a duty not to prejudice a party’s case through overzealous prosecution or to detract from the impartiality of courtroom atmosphere.
71. No prudent person dared to act on the assumption that, when the continent was settled, one government could include the whole; and when the vast expense broke up, as seemed inevitable, into a collection of separate nations, only discord, antagonism,and wars could be expected.
72. If they were right in thinking that the next necessity in human progress was to lift the average person upon an intellectual and social level with the most favored, they stood at least three generations nearer than Europe to that goal.
73. Somehow he knows that if our huckstering civilization did not at every moment violate the eternal fitness of things, the poet’s song would have been given to the world, and the poet would have been cared for by the whole human brotherhood, as any man should be who does the duty that every man owes it.
74. The instinctive sense of the dishonor which money-purchase does to art is so strong that sometimes a man of letters who can pay his way otherwise refuses pay for his work, as Lord Byron did, for a while, from a noble pride, and as Count Tolstoy has tried to do, from a noble conscience.
75. Perhaps he believed that he could not criticize American foreign policy without endangering the support for civil rights that he had won from the federal government.
76. Abraham Lincoln, who presided in his stone temple on August 28, 1963 above the children of the slaves he emancipated (解放), may have used just the right words to sum up the general reaction to the Negroes’ massive march on Washington.
77. In the Warren Court era, voters asked the Court to pass on issues concerning the size and shape of electoral districts, partly out of desperation because no other branch of government offered relief, and partly out of hope that the Court would reexamine old decisions in this area as it had in others, looking at basic constitutional principles in the light of modern living conditions.
78. Some even argue plausibly that this weakness may be irremediable : in any society that, like a capitalist society, seeks to become ever wealthier in material terms disproportionate rewards are bound to flow to the people who are instrumental in producing the increase in its wealth.
79. This doctrine has broadened the application of the Fourteenth Amendment to other, nonracial forms of discrimination, for while some justices have refused to find any legislative classification other than race to be constitutionally disfavored, most have been receptive to arguments that at least some nonracial discriminations, sexual discrimination in particular, are “suspect”and deserve this heightened scrutiny by the courts.
80. But as cameras become more sophisticated, more automated, some photographers are tempted to disarm themselves or to suggest that they are not really armed, preferring to submit themselves to the limits imposed by premodern camera technology because a cruder, less high-powered machine is thought to give more interesting or emotive results, to have more room for creative accident.
第四部分（61-80句譯文）
61、當然，對歷史反應過度以致結論說關于擴張的問題大多數人都錯了與重新形成對大陸漂浮建議理論的反應一樣，是危險的。將來對于這些關鍵問題的研究毫無疑問是必要的，然而不應該否定最近研究結論的說服力，在18世紀的英格蘭對于一些微不足道和有使用價值的商品和服務的需求，預示了我們今天的世界。
62、然而這種消費革命的情況還有疑問，三個關鍵的問題是：消費者是什么人？他們的動機是什么？對于奢侈品的新型需求的效果是什么？
63、盡管從生產廠商和服務行業認為他們的顧客需要并實際生產的產品或者提供的服務來推斷他是可能的。但只有對實際的消費者填寫的個人資料的研究才能清楚地描述顧客的需求。
64、對于他們移民原因的細節，Grassy并不否認他們經常提出的事實－17世紀30年代的一些移民主要由組織家和牧師組成，提出了要離開的宗教解釋，但他發現只是以回顧的方式推定的基本情況。
65、如果我們將1956年（當時的平均失業率為4、1％）的年齡和性別失業率分來用今天一般的勞動力中年齡性別比來計算的話，平均失業率就是5％了。
66、他很迷惑我并不想要明顯的是所有美國人被教導長大后要追求的東西：金錢和權力。
67、除非生產力的增長出人意料的大，不然實際產出的擴大最終要開始減緩以適應經濟的可持續發展，這樣才能避免價格的綜合需求壓力。
68、然而，當投資基本上流向一個方面時，就像一般從工業化到一般發展中國家一樣，看起來是基于雙方資源的規定產生的收入損失主要由接收大量外國投資和創造大部分收益的國家來承擔－即發展中國家一方。
69、盡可能沒有政府干預地追求個人利益被看作為通往人類幸福的道路和進步，而不是像希臘人強調的集體社會中的公共義務與參與。
70、辯護律師依靠長期作用的準則來約束原告律師的行來：作為法庭的準司法人員，他們有責任不能過分起訴來偏見性對待一方的案子或者破壞法庭的公正氣氛。
71、沒有一個謹慎的人能按如下的假設行事：當陸地確定以后，一個政府并不能包括全部；當這種巨大的開銷終于分裂為幾個民族時，這看起來是不可避免的，人們就只能等待著爭論，敵對和戰爭了。
72、如果他們認為人類進步的下一步必需是把普通人的智力水平和社會地位向著最受歡迎的方向提高的看法正確的話，他們至少要比歐洲超前三代接近那個目標。
73、他認識到如果不是我們的“小貶”文明每時每刻地破壞事實內部的和諧的話，詩人的詩歌就該已經奉獻給了世界，而詩人也該被全人類關懷著，每個為大家做事的人都該被如此對待。
74、金錢購買給藝術的本能恥辱感如此強烈，以致可有時文人可以獲得報酬卻拒絕為其作品給予的報酬，Lord Byron有時因為尊貴的自豪而這么做，而Count Tolstoy則出于貴族的良知而盡力這么做。
75、也許他認為他批評美國的外支政策就會使他從聯幫政府那里獲得的對人權和的支持受到威脅。
76、 Abraham Lincoln在1963年8月28日在他掌管的石頭寺里解放了奴隸的孩子們，使用了正確的詞語來總統對待華盛頓的黑人群眾游行。
77、在Warren法庭時代，選民們要求法庭通過有關選區的大小和形狀的問題，一方面因為出于絕望－沒有什么其他的政府部門提供緩解的辦法；一方面出于希望－法庭根據現代的生活條件來審視基本的憲法原則,像其他地區一樣重新審查在這一地區的舊的規定。
78、有些人甚至看似事理地認為這一弱點無可補救：在任何一個在物質財富方面追求更加富裕的社會中，比如說資本主義社會，比例不均衡的回報肯定要流向那些在創造財富增長的過程中提供設備的人。
79、這一學說把十四修正案的應用擴大到了其他方面，由于一些法官拒絕用憲法來給除種族外的東西來進行法定分類予以否定，許多人覺得這一論點可以接受；至少有一些非種族的歧視，特別是性別歧視被懷疑要受法庭的仔細審查。
80、但由于照相機變得越來越精細，越來越自動化了，一些攝影師禁不住開始解除他們的裝備或者說他們根本沒什么裝備，而傾向于運用那些非現代的照相技術，因為一架未成熟，力不大的機器被認為更加有趣或者說更能有情緒結果，給人更多的創作空間。 81. Both novelists use a storytelling method that emphasizes ironic disjunctions between different perspectives on the same events as well as ironic tensions that inhere in the relationship between surface drama and concealed authorical intention, a method I call an evidentiary narrative technique.
82. When black poets are discussed separately as a group, for instance, the extent to which their work reflects the development of poetry in general should not be forgotten, or a distortion of literacy history may result.
83. These differences include the bolder and more forthright speech of the later generation and its technical inventiveness.
84. But black poets were not battling over old or new rather, one accomplished Black poet was ready to welcome another, whatever his or her style, for what mattered was racial pride.
85. Tolstoy reversed all preconceptions and in every reversal he overthrew the “ system”, the “ machine”, the externally ordained belief, the conventional behaviour in favor of unsystematic, impulsive life, of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.
86. It was better covered by television and press than any event here since President Kennedy’s inauguration (就職) , and since indifferent is almost as great a problem to the Negro as hostility, this was a plus.
87. But do not the challenge and the excitement of the critical problem as such lie in that ambivalence of attitude which allows us to recognize the intelligence and even the splendor of Meredith’s work, while, at the same time, we experience a lack of sympathy, a failure of any enthusiasm of response?
88. In this respect she resembled one of her favourite contemporaries, Mary Brunton, who would rather have “ glided through the world unknown” than been suspected of literary airs—to be shunned, as literary women are, by the more pretending of their own sex, and abhorred, as literary women are, by the more pretending of the other!
89. From those sounds which we hear on small or on coarse occasions, we do not easily receive strong impressions, or delightful images; and words to which we are nearly strangers, whenever they occur, draw that attention on themselves which they should transmit to things.
90. To proceed thus is to set up a fivefold hypothesis that enables you to gather from the innumerable items cast up by the sea of experience upon the shores of your observation only the limited number of relevant data—relevant, that is, to one or more of the five factors of your hypothesis.
91. As an author, I am naturally concerned that a surprisingly large percentage of the population of the United States is functionally illiterate; if they can’t read or cannot understand what they read, they won’t buy books, or this magazine.
92. They do not know those parts of the doctrine which explain and justify the remainder ; the considerations which show that a fact which seemingly conflicts with another is reconcilable with it, or that, of two apparently strong reasons, one and not the other ought to be preferred.
93. Quite apart from the logistic problems, there existed a well-established tradition in Britain which refused to repatriate against their will people who found themselves in British hands and the nature of whose reception by their own government was, to say the least, dubious.
94. An obsession with the exact privileges of a colonial legislature and the precise extent of Britain’s imperial power, the specifics of a state constitution and the absolute necessity of a federal one, all expressed this urge for a careful articulation as proof that the right relationship with external powers did indeed prevail.
95. One encyclopaedia tells us that intelligence is related to the ability to learn, to the speed with which things are learned, to how well and how long ideas are remembered, to the ability to understand those ideas and use them in problem-solving, and to creativity.
96. The event marked the end of an extended effort by William Barton Rogers, M.I.T. ‘s founder and first president, to create a new kind of educational institution relevant to the times and to the contrary’s need, where young men and women would be educated in the application as well as the acquisition of knowledge.
97. Each departmental program consists, in part, of a grouping of subjects in the department’s areas of professional interest and, in part, of additional opportunities for students of their choice.
98. Alternatively, a student may use elective time to prepare for advanced study in some professional field, such as medicine or law, for graduate study in some area in which M. I. T. gives no undergraduate degree, such as meteorology or psychology, or for advanced study in an interdisciplinary field, such as astrophysics, communication science, or energy.
99. While the undergraduate curriculum for an open Bachelor of Science degree, as listed by a department, may have its own unique features, each program must be laid out in consultation with a departmental representative to assure that it is meaningful in structure and challenging in content.
100. Where previously it had concentrated on the big infrastructure projects such as dams, roads and bridges, it began to switch to projects which directly improved the basic services of a country.
第五部分（81-100句譯文）
81、兩種小說家都使用一種講故事的方法，來強調同一事件不同角度的諷刺差別和淺顯戲劇與隱藏的權威傾向的諷刺聯系，我稱之為明顯的敘述技巧。
82、如果把黑人詩人當作一個群體來討論的話，比如說，他們的作品反應的詩歌發展歷史的程度不該被忘記，可能會產生文學歷史的一些改變。
83、這些不同包括了下一代人大膽直率的言辭和他們的技術發明性。
84、但是黑人詩人并不爭論關于第的問題，一個有成就的黑人詩人總歡迎新人，不管他們的風格怎樣，因為真正重要的是種族自豪。
85、托爾斯泰推翻了所有預想，每一次他都拋棄了“系統”和“機械”的東西，外部規定的信念，情緒沖動的生活和非系統的傳統行為，內部激勵和獨立思考的解決方案。
86、這種冷談正如對黑人的敵意一樣是個大問題，而電視和報紙對肯尼迪總統就職典禮的報道勝過對其它事件的報道，是一個意外的收獲。
87、但是難道這不是關鍵問題的挑戰和刺激而就其本身而言是存在于矛盾的態度里面。這樣的態度讓我們認識到Meredith’s作品中智慧和卓越，然而與此同時，我們有了缺乏同情和不能有任何熱情反應的經歷。
88、在這方面，她很像所喜歡的同時代人中的一位Mary Brunton一樣被回避著，和許多女性作家更多的來掩飾其性別憎惡，和其它方面，Mary是寧愿在無名的世界中悄然而去，也不愿被懷疑是在賣弄文藝。
89、我們在小場合或是粗魯的場合聽到的聲音，不容易有強烈的印象或是令人愉悅的形象。對于那些生詞，無論什么時候出現，我們要把注意力放到傳達意義上。
90、為了繼續進行，要創立一種5重假設，使你能夠從經驗的海洋中搜集到無盡的細節，然后拋到觀察的海岸上，只有有限的相關數據，也就是說，在假設中的五個因素里面有一個或多個。
91、我作為一名作家，自然地要關心在美國人口中驚人比例的實用文盲，如果他們不能讀或不能理解他們所讀內容，他們就不會買書或是雜志。
92、他們不知道那解釋和點明其余部分合理的學說，那些表明似乎與其它相沖突的因素是可以協調一致的，或者應該提出兩個明顯有力的原因中的一個而不是另一個。
93、除了邏輯推理問題之外，在英國存在一種悠久的拒絕遣送違反他們意志的人們的傳統，這些人們發現他們處于英國政府的掌握，而這種政府接受的本質卻不確定的。
94、對于殖民立法的困擾和英國皇權的范圍，州憲法的細節問題和絕對需要一個聯邦法律。所有這些都表達出迫切的需要謹慎的，具有外在力量的正確關系的證明確實盛行。
95、詞源里告訴我們說智力是和學習能力有關，和所要學習的內容速度有關，和內容記得的好壞和時間的長短有關，而且和有能力那些內容，使用它們來解決問題的能力，以及創造力相關。
96、這事件標志著由William Barfon Rogers的長期的努力的結束。William是MIT的一創立者兼第一任主席，他努力要開創一種新型和時代、國家需要相關的教育機構，在那里青年人可以獲得知識性和實用性的教育。
97、每個系的計劃包括的一部分是系領域內的專業興趣的科目，另一部分是學生們自己選擇的額外機會。
98、可選性地，學生可以用選擇性的時間來準備某些專業領域的高級課程，比如說醫學或者法律，或者M.I.T.不授予本科學位的某些專業課程，比如說氣象學和心理學，或者跨學科的領域，比如說天體物理學，交流學或者能源學。
99、盡管開放式理學學士本科課程計劃由系里列出，可以有一些自己獨特的特點，但每個項目的列出必須與系代表進行協商，以此來保證課程結構有意義，內容富有挑戰性。
100、以前的重心是諸如大壩、道路和橋梁等大型基礎設施的建設，現在開始轉換到能直接提高國家的基礎服務的項目上來了。 |
