作文的展開—按照三步走：
1)題目涉及的現象進行簡單的描述，在描述的過程中將寫作引向文章的主題(這樣的描述可以自己控制，如果第一段落字數單薄，可以適當使描述具體化)
2)在第一步的基礎上給出觀點，觀點視文章主旨可以分為：個人觀點(包括方法、途徑)，和多方觀點(觀點從正反兩方面或者一個方面的多個層次闡述;在交待觀點是需要有原因和支持。)
3)個人觀點總結點題(同意異表)，簡要指出方法途徑，如果找不到具體的解決方法，則將話講得圓滑(如果正文中間觀點沒有必然沖突，則可以融合)
A 1995.1 my view on the negative effects of some advertisements
à社會上的廣告現象越來越多，很多的廣告對我們的社會有不良的影響-〉(廣告如何多：路邊大型廣告，報紙一半是廣告，電線桿上垃圾廣告，電視商業廣告頻繁。)
Today we live in a world of advertisement. Ads appear on broad side boards, take up much of newspaper coverage, slip their way onto walls and constantly interrupt TV programs. However pervasive they are, (盡管他們四處充斥)they always produce a negative influence.
從觀點的多個層次描寫：1，白日搶劫--賣家通過彎曲夸大事實來欺騙消費者購買(化妝品)2，種下不良消費習慣或者價值觀(香煙)3，污染環境(牛皮癬和校園商業海報)
To begin with, daylight robbery is made everyday occurrence (百日搶劫每天都在發生)as a result of the negative effects of ads. Harmful ads exaggerate the functions and distort/ignore the facts.(夸大功能，歪曲事實) Every means is tried to hook people into buying(為了誘導人們消費，不擇手段). Make-up promotion is a typical case in point.(化妝品促銷就是一個典型的例子) Furthermore, misleading ads plant in the mind (在腦海中植下)of consumers, especially young people, a bad consumption habit or, even worse, corrupt values. For proof, look no further than cigarette selling. (香煙銷售就是一個典型的例子)Ads with the image of a smoking pop star broadcast an irresistible message.(傳遞無法抗拒的信息) Last but not least, easily-printed posters and handouts have polluted our environment.
個人認為廣告負面效應不可避免，要通過嚴格的法律來減少危害，同時開動腦精，遠離它們
Personally, no one can avoid the negative influence. However, we need to step up law enforcement (加強執法)to minimize the harm of such ads. Meanwhile, as consumers, we need to use our head and keep our distance.
B 1996.1 Two-day weekend
--〉工作效率提高，物質生活富足，人們可能享受2天周末制，—〉(除了工作效率之外：人們對生活水平的期待)
As the productivity improves, our society becomes more affluent than ever before. As a result of such social advance, a 2-day weekend seems not just possible but also feasible.
從正反兩方面描寫，每個方面可以從多個角度來論述：1，有人歡呼，原因如下1)更長的休息時間，更好的調整精力，更高的效率為新的一周做好準備 2)更長的時間與家人分享，更加融洽家庭關系3)可以進行適當距離的旅游，更好的享受生活。 2，有人反對，原因如下1)在某種程度上不利于生產和生活(減少產出，辦事不方便)2)降低效率(周末未完之事必須拖拉兩天;周末活動過多造成假期疲勞)
The proponents (支持者)happily welcome a 2-day weekend for the following reasons. Firstly, a 2-day weekend ensures more time for rest(確保足夠的時間休息). People can better recover from 5 days hard work(可以更好的從天的工作中恢復過來) and get more refreshed and productive for the coming week. Secondly, a 2-day weekend allows more time to share with one’s family. Thirdly, 2 days make possible(使—成為可能) short-distance travels, so that people needn’t rush through a destination (在一個游玩的目的地走馬觀花)and can enjoy more of life(更好的享受生活). On the other hand, the opponents(反對者)argue an extended weekend(延長了的周末) causes incontinences of some kind (某種程度的不便)to life and harm to economy, as workers in service agencies (服務行業)and in companies leave position for leisure and recreation.(離職去娛樂享受) What’s more, a longer weekend reduces efficiency(降低效率) and does not necessarily promise (確保)more energy for a new week. Anything that happens on Friday but can’t be finished within that day has to be delayed even longer. After people finish an ambitious travel, they feel exhausted than refueled. (他們感到很疲勞而不是充電了)
個人認為是好事，但是要多方面努力，享受好處的同時盡量避免壞處
As for me, I readily welcome the 2-day weekend. Still, we need to make joint efforts to minimize the disadvantages while enjoying a happier life.
C 1998.6 do lucky numbers really bring luck?
--〉中國這個社會長期以來的傳統:喜歡吉祥的數字。數字和運氣之間有必然的聯系么?--〉(如何喜歡：重要事件選擇黃道吉日，如婚慶，開業;手機號碼選擇吉祥數字。等等舉不勝舉)
It’s a tradition in the Chinese culture to associate lucky numbers with good luck. We select good days for big events like wedding and business ceremonies; we cast huge money for a good phone number or a car plate. Similar examples simply abound in this country(這樣的例子舉不勝舉). However, does this magical relationship exist?
從正反兩方面描寫，每個方面可以從多個角度來論述：1有人堅信，原因如下1)幾千年的民族傳統肯定有他的道理 2)偶爾的神奇現象也能增加信心。2 不相信的人也有自己的理由1)數字只是人類發明的符號，與運氣無關。2)如果不遵守科學規律，任何數字都不能確保幸運。(車禍)
Those who believe argue that such a tradition dates back thousands of years(這個傳統有幾千年的歷史了). There must be a reason. In addition, occasional coincidences(偶爾的巧合) in history and in life even add to their confidence(增強了他們對這個信心). By contrast, those who don’t believe also have their reasons. For one thing, numbers are nothing but man-made symbols. How can they have anything to do with luck? For another, however lucky the numbers are(不管這個數字都么的吉祥), accidents can’t be avoided if we turn a blind eye to science(無視科學), say, driving a car while being drunk.
個人認為數字和運氣沒有必然聯系，因此不能當真。同時尊重這樣的一個傳統。
From my point of view, there is never any relation between lucky numbers and good luck. While we keep this tradition, we should never take it too seriously. D 2000.1 how I finance my college education
--〉大學費用越來越貴，學生來自不同收入的家庭，支付學費的方式不一而同。我的方式如何?--〉(怎么貴--占家庭開支比重上升;支付方式如何不同：打工，依賴父母)
College education fee is always on the increase. Generally, a higher percentage of family expense goes to education. With family background varying from person to person,(家庭背景應人而異) how students finance their education also differs. Some rely on working part-time, while others on parents. As for me, I depend on both.
從觀點的多個層次描寫(如果開始段落涉及觀點可以融合，則最大程度上進行融合)：1，打工能夠鍛煉獨立性，了解社會，為畢業以及學習動力做好準備2，大部分錢依靠父母，學生的主要職責是多學。
First and foremost, working part-time offers a chance to know the society well and develop your independence, thus supplying motivation for even harder work at school(為學校努力學習提供動力) and making preparations for graduation. Secondly but equally important, relying on parents for most of the education fee helps you overcome the worry of money (克服錢的麻煩)and the unnecessary disturbance of work(工作不必要的打擾), so that you can concentrate on your major task as a student: study.
個人認為最好是兩者結合，要注意處理之間的關系，不能本末倒置。
As far as I am concerned, I will combine these two ways. However, they should be properly balanced. Most important, we should never put the cart before the horse.(本末倒置)
E 2003.1 It pays to be honest
--〉社會上不誠實，欺詐的現象越來越多(如果正面不好發揮，則反其道行之)。(欺詐現象的具體：學校，商場，人才市場等等)。
The world is becoming less honest(世人越來越不誠實). People cheat in one form or anther(欺騙的方式形形色色). In schools, lazy students cheat to pass exams; in shops, greedy businessmen sell fake product (假貨)to make dirty money; and in job fairs, desperate people make up experiences to win a chance.
從觀點的多個層次描寫：欺騙是飲鴆止渴。1，欺騙的初期能夠帶來額外利潤然長期以往則是名聲的損毀以及消費者的不認可 2，欺騙固然能夠使人在特定的情況下逃出困境或者獲益，但是需要用更多的欺騙來圓場，最終喪失人們的信任。
However common cheating is becoming, it does more harm than good to those who cheat(害人害己). To begin with, cheating can, to some extent, help you out of a difficult situation (幫助你擺脫困境)or brings benefits. However, as a proverb(諺語) goes “one lie necessarily leads to more ”(一個謊言需要更多的謊言來圓場), you need more lies to cover first lie(對前面諺語的解釋). In the long run, you will lose trust from people around, above and below you.(你周圍的人以及上下級) What’s more, cheating brings extra profits at the beginning yet erodes reputation(腐蝕名聲) and costs you the faith of consumers in the end,(最終讓你喪失客戶的信任) as no one can cheat all the people all the time.
個人認為不能欺騙，有悖道德，害人害己。同時需要加強法律監督。
In my opinion, we should never cheat. Dishonesty runs against our traditional virtue (與傳統美德相背離)and does harm to those who cheat. Meanwhile, we need to put in place powerful laws.
F 2003, 12 reduce waste on campus
--〉校園里浪費現象很嚴重(體現：食物，水龍頭，電器，小館子吃飯等等)
Waste problem increasingly stands out in schools.(浪費現象日益突出) In the canteen, students throw away more than they eat; in the washroom, the tap is never turned off; even in an empty classroom, the lights are always on. Similar examples have virtually become a staple on campus(類似的例子成了學校的一道風景線/舉不勝舉)
從觀點的多個層次描寫：浪費不好 1，資源有限，浪費普遍資源則后代倒霉
1， 養成不良習慣為以后的工作生活增加負擔3，與節儉的傳統美德相背離;在高等學府里浪費更是教育的恥辱。
Waste, whenever it happens, should be condemned (譴責)for the following reasons. Firstly, in this populous country(人口眾多的國家), we have relatively limited resources. If we go on wasting human’s common resources, our decedents will suffer from hunger or even starve(挨餓). What’s more, such a behavior on campus will lead to a bad habit in your later work or life. Your expenses (花銷)will rise as a result. Lat but not least, waste, on whatever occasion, goes against our traditional virtue(傳統價值觀) and puts to shame our education.(讓我們的教育蒙羞)
個人認為浪費不好，需要共同努力，學校對學生說服教育，個人也要加強自覺。
From my point of view, waste is everything to be blamed. We need to join hands for the solution of this problem. The school should educate the students while the individuals should cooperate and behave themselves.
G 1996.6 health gained in developing countries(圖標類文章不能生硬的簡單描述。)
à 圖標表明壽命從40-60短短30年漲了20年，比較而言，兒童死亡從-下降到--，降幅達到。什么促成了這個現象
As clearly stated in the graph, life expectancy increased dramatically, up from 40 to 60, in 30 years. By contrast, infant mortality dropped by 15%, down from 25% to 10% during the same period. What has contributed to this development?
從觀點的多個層次描寫：1，醫療技術的進展，治愈頑疾，搶救兒童2，生活水平的提高(吃住)，追求健康飲食和適當鍛煉3 技術降低災害的損失，其中婦女，兒童最倒霉。
First and foremost, the advance in medical science and technology has enabled us to cure many originally fatal diseases(治愈原本致命的疾病) and save millions of babies that could have died before, at or after birth. (出生前，出身時，出身后)The second reason has much to do with a good system(第二個原因與—有關) in which everyone is covered by timely medi-care(每個人享受免費醫療). What’s more, people now enjoy a happier life. No longer satisfied with a full stomach and warm clothing(不僅僅滿足吃飽穿暖), we turn to a balanced diet (將注意力轉向均衡飲食)and go in for physical exercises(參加體育運動). Last but not least, technology has reduced the occurrence /incidence (發生)of disasters as well as minimized the damages and injuries(姜損傷和危害降到最低). Otherwise, women and children would suffer most.
個人認為好現象，但是需要控制人口增長，否則前途未卜。
In my opinion, this means people can live a longer and better life. However, only god knows whether this is a curse or bless if the population explosion is not brought under control. |
