關(guān)鍵詞就是能最大限度上概括整個句子的單詞或短語,第一步劃出關(guān)鍵詞,在短時間內(nèi)將所有的題目進(jìn)行高度的濃縮,符合人類短期記憶的規(guī)律。 我們以劍橋雅思6 Test 1的Passage 1 Questions 1-7為例:
Reading Passage 1 has six paragraphs, A-F.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
1 a reference to the exchange of expertise between different sports
2 an explanation of how visual imaging is employed in investigations
3 a reason for narrowing the scope of research activity
4 how some AIS ideas have been reproduced
5 how obstacles to optimum achievement can be investigated
6 an overview of the funded support of athletes
7 how performance requirements are calculated before an event
劃線部分就是關(guān)鍵詞。關(guān)鍵詞主要是以名詞和核心動詞為主,最大限度上概括全部意思。要注意的是,像第一題中的reference,第二題的explanation,第三題中的reason,這種詞盡管本身是名詞,但因意義非常抽象,因此除非特殊情況,一般是無法作為關(guān)鍵詞的。但是如果這個名詞是復(fù)數(shù),如第5題的optimum,則往往意味著原文中很有可能是一個并列結(jié)構(gòu)(并列詞或并列句)。
2. 通讀所有段落,依次尋找答案
因?yàn)槊慷味紩写鸢福虼爽F(xiàn)在所需要做的事情就是到每段去找答案。要注意在選出信息后,要在選出的段落上做上記號,以免浪費(fèi)時間。在上述題目中,我們在每段分別找到的對應(yīng)信息有:
A段:… finances programme of excellence in … (對應(yīng)第6題funded support)
B段:AIS scientists work across a number of sports, applying skills learned in one … to others (對應(yīng)第1題的exchange of expertise和different sports) C段:They all focus on one aim: winning. ‘We can’t waste our time looking at ethereal scientific questions that don’t help the coach work with an athlete…’ (對應(yīng)第3題narrowing the scope of research)
D段:It collects images from digital cameras…(對應(yīng)第2題visual imaging)
E段:…to monitor heart rate, sweating, heat production or any other factor that might have an impact on an athlete’s ability to run(對應(yīng)第5題obstacles to optimum achievement)
F段:Well before a championship, sports scientists and coaches start to prepare the athlete by developing a ‘competition model’. (對應(yīng)第7題)
G段:Now everyone uses them. (對應(yīng)第4題AIS ideas和reproduced)
這種做題方法的好處是盡管開始會比較慢,但是由于通過先做這種題目對全文進(jìn)行了略讀,因此考生理順了文章的結(jié)構(gòu),后面的題目定位就會變得非常容易。比如上述文章的8,9,11,12可以根據(jù)印象直接找到答案,而其它題目根據(jù)順序原則來推測,也非常容易就能定位到。
不過,這種題型在考試中較少見,在劍橋真題中能夠找到的題目,除了上述劍6的Test 1,還有劍5移民類閱讀的Test A和Test B的Section 3.
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