2012年成考專升本英語考試復習筆記(23)
來源：育路教育網發布時間：2012-02-10
育路成人高考培訓咨詢
幫助希望進入名校的在職人員實現他們的本、專科大學夢想
1.現在分詞與過去分詞的區別
現在分詞表示主動或表示動作正在進行。
China is a developing country.
His words made me thinking a lot.
過去分詞表示被動或動作已經完成。
The United States is a developed country.
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn't make himself heard.
2.分詞的用法
分詞在句子中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語。
Who is the woman standing by the door?(定語)
The girl dressed in white is my sister.(定語)
A letter posted today will probably reach in the day after towmorrow.(定語)
The theory sounds quite convincing. (表語 物作主語表語是ing的形式，人作表語分詞用ed的形式。)
She seemed quite delighted at the idea. (表語)
Working in this way， they greatly reduced the cost.(狀語)
Not even pausing to put on the coat， I ran out of the door.(狀語)
Built in Ming Dynasty， the bridge is over 800 years old.(狀語)
Do you see a boy running towards us?(賓語補足語)
(感官動詞如：see， hear， feel， watch 后可跟動名詞，也可跟不定式，但意思有區別。Do you see a boy run towards us? )
You'd better have your shoes mended.(賓語補足語，have sth. done 讓別人作某事)
If students are caught cheating in exams， they will be kicked out of school. (賓語補足語，(kick sb. out of sth.： 驅趕某人。They knocked him out (of the club) for fighting. )
實義動詞have后面可以接三種形式作賓語補足語：現在分詞，過去分詞，省略to的不定式。
have接現在分詞(表示持續的動作)
The hunters had the fire burning all the night in the woods.
have接過去分詞(表示被動)
My mother had her hair cut as soon as she finished her work.
Liping had two of his teeth knocked out in the fight at school.
have接省略to的不定式(表示"讓某人干某事")。
The teacher always has us recite texts.
3.分詞作狀語
與謂語動詞相比，作狀語的分詞表示的都是比較次要的動作。它可以表示時間、條件和原因，也可以說明謂語動作發生的背景，描述謂語動作的狀況或伴隨謂語動作發生的情況。
They sat facing each other.(伴隨)
She left the hall still weeping.(伴隨)
Insisting that we were not tired ， we urged him to go on.(urge要求，讓)
分詞變否定，在分詞前加not.
Not knowing his address， we couldn't get in touch with him.(get in touch with sb.和某人保持聯系，原因)
Seeing those pictures， I couldn't help thinking of the days we spent together. (時間)
Absorbed in the work， he neglected food and sleep. (背景)
He soon fell asleep， exhausted by the journey.(原因)
Seen from the hill， the city looks magnificent. (條件)
分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語，邏輯主語無需表達出來。當兩者不一致時，分詞的邏輯主語應明確表達出來。
She rushed into the room， her face covered with sweat
Weather permitting， we'll have a picnic tomorrow.
Her eyes dimmed with tears， she did not see her mother enter.(dim 模糊)
All things considered， her paper is of greater value than yours.
(be of value=be valuable)
4. 現在分詞的完成式與被動式
當分詞表示的動作發生在謂語表示的動作之前時，分詞應用完成式。構成：having +過去分詞。
Having finished his homework， the boy began to watch TV.
Not having made adequate preparations， they thought it better to postpone the work till next week.
The guest having left， they continued their discussion.
在表示被動的含義時，如果該動作此刻正在進行，或與謂語表示的動作同時發生，就要用現在分詞的被動形式。構成：being+過去分詞。
The building being repaired is our library.
You'll find the topic being talked about everywhere.
過去分詞和現在分詞的被動式都可以表示被動，試比較下面兩例，看一看兩者之間的區別。
Do you know anything about the meeting being held in Beijing?(會議正在進行)
Do you know anything about the meeting held in Beiing?(會議已經結束)
現在分詞被動式表示正在干什么，過去分詞被動式表示已經發生的事。
業內名師團隊，班主任一對一服務，全面覆蓋考點，一次考試，保上名校。 ！
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