2012年成考專升本英語考試復習筆記(24)
來源：育路教育網發布時間：2012-02-10
育路成人高考培訓咨詢
幫助希望進入名校的在職人員實現他們的本、專科大學夢想
虛擬語氣主要表示假想虛擬的情況以及主觀愿望、建議、命令等。
(一)虛擬語氣的基本用法
1.在含if引導的條件句的復合句中
如果假設的情況不可能發生或發生的可能性不大，則主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在不同語態中的表現形式如下：
1)一般現在時
從句：過去式(be 動詞多用were)
主句：would / could / might +動詞原形
如：I would certainly go if I had time.
If it weren't raining， we wouldn't stay at home.
2)一般過去時
從句：had +過去分詞
主句：would / could / might + have 過去分詞
如：She would have come if she hadn't been so busy.
You wouldn't have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.
3)一般將來時
從句：過去時，或were to / should +動詞原形
主句：would / should +動詞原形
如：If I were to (should) do it， I would do it in a different way.
We wouldn't lose courage if we should (were to) fail again.
有時從句表示的動作和主句表示的動作發生的時間不一致，謂語形式要根據具體的時間來調整。
If you had followed the doctor's advice， you wouldn't be in hospital now.
If I had spoken to him yesterday， I should know what to do now.
有時候假設的情況通過介詞短語、上下文等來表示，這時句子仍然要用虛擬語氣。
But for the storm， we should have arrived earlier.
I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have attended the meeting.
I would have written before， but I have been ill.
She would have cried， but that he would laugh.(But that ： 要不是)
條件從句中如果含有助動詞be， have， should， 可以將if省略，把這些詞放到主語的前面。
Had we made preparations， we might have succeeded.
Should there be a storm， what should we do?
Had they time， they would certainly come and help her.
2.在as if， as though引導的從句中
as if， as though引導的從句，如果表示的情況與現實不符，從句需用虛擬語氣。表示現在的情況，謂語常用過去式，表示過去的情況，謂語常用"had +過去分詞".如：
I remember the whole thing as if (as though) it happened (were) yesterday.
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
It seems as if it was summer today.
It seemed as if winter had come
3.在wish后面的賓語從句中
從句如果表示的是現在的情況，謂語一般用過去式，如果表示的是過去的情況，謂語用"had +過去分詞".如：
I wish I were as strong as you.
Many children wish they could see the Monkey King.
He wishes he had studied economy instead of mathematics when he was at college.
4.在It is time (that) 后面的從句中
從句的謂語常用過去式。如：
It is time we made a decision.我們該做決定了。
It is about time you went to school.你早該睡覺了。
It is hight time that he prepared for the coming examination.他早該為考試做準備了。
5.在suggest， propose， advise， recommend， order， demand， request， desire， insist (堅決主張)等后面的賓語從句，suggestion， proposal， advice， order等后面的表語和同位語從句，以及It is suggested / requested / desired / proposed / ordered 等后面的主語從句中，從句的謂語要用"should +動詞原形"(should可以省略)。如：
I suggest we set off at once.(set off 出發)
My suggestion is that we (should) tell her.
Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
The doctor insists that he give up smoking.
She desires that her husband do it.
It is desired that he should get everything ready by tomorrow.
What do you think of his proposal that a committee be set up to look into the matter?
It was ordered that they leave the city within three days.
6.在It is necessary， It is important， It is essential， It is strange 等后面的主語從句中，謂語用"should + 動詞原形"(should可以省略)。如：
It is necessary that every student recite these new words.
It is important that a scientist (should) keep up with the latest development in his field.(keep up with 跟上、趕上)
It is strange that she (should ) have failed in the exam.
7.以lest(以免)， for fear that(以免) 和in case(以免)引起的從句(謂語多用should加動詞原形構成)
He took his umbrella lest it should rain.
He put his coat over his son for fear that (lest) he should catch cold.
Bring some money in case you should need it.
業內名師團隊，班主任一對一服務，全面覆蓋考點，一次考試，保上名校。 ！
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