增譯法:英漢兩種語言由于詞法和句法有差異,表達方式也不盡相同,翻譯時為了使譯文合乎漢語的習慣和表達規律,為了使意思更加明確,從意義、修辭和句法上考慮需要在譯文中適當增添一些雖無其詞而有其意的詞。 1)抽象名詞后加詞使其具體化。如: serious unemployment嚴重的失業問題 He was still reluctant to talk substance.他仍然不愿意談實質性的東西。 2)增加一個適當的名詞。如: The temperature needed for this progressing is lower than that needed to melt the metal.這種加工方法所需要的溫度要低于熔化該金屬的溫度。 Fundamentally, electronics is based upon an understanding of the physical world, that is, upon physics.電子學基本上是以人們對物質世界的認識,也就是以物理學為基礎的。(補充被動語態省去的部分) 3)增加數量詞。如: first oil well第一口油井 It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all.這種說法從一開始就將討論引向兩個極端,它使人們認為應該這樣對待動物:要么像對人類自身一樣關切體諒,要么完全冷漠無情。(真題示范) 4)增加形容詞。如: Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.速度快,可靠性高是電子計算機的主要優點。 5)不及物動詞后增加賓語。如: John‘s mother washed for a living after his father died.約翰的父親去世后,他母親以洗衣為生。 I haven‘t enough time to read.我沒有足夠的時間讀書。 6)增加連詞。如: If you are an energetic man with which you are concerned, you find yourself invariably under the orders of some big man at the top who is elderly, weary and cynical.如果你是個精力充沛的人,對于如何恰當地完成你的工作有著獨到的見解,那么你會發現自己總是聽命于上面的某個大人物。而他又是一個上了年紀,精力不支,還愛吹毛求疵的人。 7)增加表示時態的詞。如: You were, you are, and you remain to be my beloved mentor.你過去是,現在是,將來仍然是我敬愛的導師。 We were hoping to have a holiday next week, but we may not be able to get away now.我們原來盼著下星期放假,但現在我們可能走不了了。 8)增加一個適當的動詞。如: The world needn‘t be afraid of a possible shortage of coal, oil, natural gas or other resources of fuel for the future.世界無需擔心將來可能出現的煤、石油、天然氣或者其他燃料來源短缺的問題。 9)增加英語中省略的詞。如: We won‘t retreat, we never have and never will.我們不會后退,我們從來沒有后退過,將來也決不后退。 When the owner noticed me, I said I was working until he hired me. He did.當店主注意到我時,我說我會一直干到他雇我,他雇了我。 10)增加一些適當修飾詞語。如: The students rant all the way up to the station only to find that the train had left 10 minutes before.學生們一路跑到火車站,可惜火車10分鐘前就開走了。 |
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