成人英語三級考試重點四
來源:網絡發布時間:2009-08-26
考試重點:使用不帶to的不定式的幾種情況
(1)在口語中,以why開頭的簡單問句中。例如:
Why do it that way?
Why not go out for a walk?
(2)某些使役動詞,如make, let,have等后面跟動詞不定時作賓語補足語時,用省略to的不定式。如:
Let him do it.讓他做吧。
I would have you know that I am ill.我想要你知道我病了。
(3)表示生理感覺的動詞后接不定時作賓語補足語時,不定式不帶to.這類詞有:
feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 hear聽到
watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺,感知
notice注意 see看見 look at看
注意:
表示 "感覺"的動詞,既可以用不帶to 的不定式作賓語補足語,又可以用現在分詞作賓語補足語,但兩者有含義上的差別。現在分詞作這些動詞的賓語補足語,表示動作的進行,以不帶to的不定式作這些動詞的賓語補足語,表示動作的完成。
例如:
I heard her playing the violin.
我聽到她在拉小提琴.
I don't see the ball break the window.
我沒有看到球砸壞玻璃.
注意:
上述使役動詞與感覺動詞轉換為被動結構時,其后的不定式需帶to,如:
He was seen to come.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
(4)在do nothing/anything/everything but(except)結構中。例如:
Last night I did nothing but watch TV.
昨天晚上,除了看電視,我什么也沒干。
但是,如果謂語動詞不是"do nothing,anything,everything",那么but(except)所跟的不定式則仍須帶to.
The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking.
醫生除了讓他戒煙,其它什么都沒有說。
There was nothing for them to do but remain silent.
除了保持沉默以外,他們沒有別的辦法。
記憶口訣:
前面有do,后面省to,前面無do,后面帶to.
(5)下面這些詞組是不定式的習慣用法,只能用省to的不定式形式。
can not help but do(不得不)
can not but do(不得不)
cannot choose but do(只能)
have no choice but do (只能)
had better do(最好)
would rather do(寧愿)
例如:
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
不定式練習
翻譯下列句子:
走路去那里十分鐘就到了。(考查不定式做主語的句型)
下一步做什么還沒定。(考查疑問詞+不定式的用法)
我們不可能趕上第一班車。(考查不定式做主語)
學英語的學生必須有本好字典。(考查不定式做主語,同時考察不定式的邏輯主語)
他是我們班唯一說英語的人。(考查不定式作定語)
他說話太快,我們跟不上。(考查too…to…結構,不定式作狀語)
大廳足夠大,能容納一百人。(考查enough…to…結構,不定式作狀語)
起床后媽媽會提醒我洗臉。(考查不定式作賓補)
為了不讓我們失望,你必須遵守你的諾言。(考查不定式作狀語)
參考答案
It takes ten minutes to walk there.
What to do next is not decided / hasn't been decided.
It is impossible for us to catch the first bus.
It is necessary for a student of English to have a good dictionary.
He is the only one in our class to speak English.
He speaks too fast for us to follow.
The hall is large enough to hold one hundred people.
My mother will remind me to wash my face after I get up.
You must keep your promise in order not to let us down.
改正下列句子中的語法錯誤:
1.He gave me a piece of paper to write on it.
2.How many people are there for you to interview them?
3.Do you think a preposition(介詞)is a good word to end a sentence with it?
4.I've got several telephone calls to make them this morning.
5.This is a difficult to put it into English.
(二)動名詞(doing)
1.動名詞的語法功能
1)作主語
Swimming is never as fast as running.
注意:動名詞(或動名詞短語)作主語時,有時句中使用形式主語it,如:
It is no use talking about it.
談論此事并無用處。
注意:
不定式和動名詞都可以做主語,在意義上區別不大。
例如:
It is impossible to get there before dark.
It is impossible getting there before dark.
但在下列固定結構中,只能用動名詞做主語,不能用不定式:
It is no good doing…
It is no use doing…
It is worthwhile doing…
It is a waste of time doing…
例如:
It is no good objecting反對沒有用。
It is no use crying哭沒有用。
It's worthwhile reading the book.讀這本書很值。
2)作賓語(動詞或介詞的賓語)
Would you mind waiting for a moment?
有少數動詞用動名詞作賓語,如下所示:
acknowledge承認 admit 承認 appreciate 感激
avoid避免 delay延遲 deny否認
escape逃避 keep保持 mind 介意
permit 允許 postpone延遲 resist抵抗
risk冒險 prevent阻止 quit放棄停止
recommend 推薦 suggest建議
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