2010年成人英語三級：語法講解(三)
來源：網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)布時間：2010-07-02
育路成人高考培訓(xùn)咨詢
幫助希望進入名校的在職人員實現(xiàn)他們的本、�？拼髮W(xué)夢想
但是不能夠說：Himself does it. 應(yīng)改為： He does it.
This is himself’s book.. 應(yīng)改為：This is his own book..
牢記make possible的三種形式：
1. make+名詞+possible;
His financial aid makes this trip possible.
2. make+possible+名詞(名詞短語較長時)
His financial aid makes possible the poor Chinese student’s entering of the world famous university.
3. make it possible (for sb.)to do (見形式賓語部分)
The father’s hard labor makes it possible for the son to receive better education.
定語從句可分為限定性和非限定性兩種，其主要區(qū)別為：
1. 非限定性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間需用逗號隔開。
2. 非限定性定語從句中，引導(dǎo)詞一般不用that，
在修飾人時用who, whom, whose
He had three children, all of whom had graduated from college.
在修飾物時用 which 部分狀語從句可以省略，在填空題中時有出現(xiàn)
如：Although defeated, he did not lose heart. (從句中省略了he was)
If inFORMed timely, I wouldn’t have missed the meeting. (從句中省略了I were)
注意: 當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語是for + 一段時間(已經(jīng)有…時間了), 和since+ 一個時間點(自從…以來)的時候, 句中的謂語不能是非延續(xù)性動詞(暫短性動詞), 如不能說:
I have borrowed the book for ten days. (錯誤: borrow這個動作是發(fā)生在圖書出納臺上的一次性動作, 不能延續(xù), 因此不能和for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用)
應(yīng)改為: I have kept the book for ten days.
這樣的暫短性動詞還有: buy/sell, break, die, graduate, drop等倒裝
倒裝句就是將正常的陳述語序加以變化，主要作用是強調(diào)被提前的部分
倒裝句可分為全部倒裝和部分倒裝兩種：
一、全部倒裝
謂語動詞提前至主語之前為全部倒裝，如：
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒裝
助動詞或情態(tài)動詞提至主語之前，謂語動詞位置不變，即為部分倒裝，如：
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn’t her invitation appeal to you?
第一節(jié) 否定詞提前倒裝
否定詞用于句首時，句子應(yīng)進行部分倒裝
否定詞常用的有：
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才), No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(決不)
On no account (決不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分別和but (also), than, when搭配使用，需注意：后一組詞之后的部分不進行倒裝，只有否定詞之后的部分倒裝
如：Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此類倒裝句一般出現(xiàn)在填空題中，需填入的是倒裝部分，只要在句首見到上述的詞，就應(yīng)條件反射的想到用倒裝句
第二節(jié) 介詞、分詞詞組提前倒裝
當(dāng)句子沒有賓語，且主語偏長時，往往將句中作狀語的介詞短語或作表語的形容詞短語或作表語的分詞短語提至句首，引起主謂的全部倒裝
如：In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
第三節(jié) 副詞提前倒裝
副詞提至句首引起倒裝，可分以下幾種情況：
1. only + 副詞(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介詞狀語(由in, under, by, on, after等引導(dǎo))提前，必須部分倒裝
如：Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副詞提前，部分倒裝
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer. 注意，so的另一種倒裝是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida. 加利福尼亞過多的依賴于來自農(nóng)作物的收入，佛羅里達也是這樣
同理，體會一下neither, nor的倒裝
He can’t dance, neither/nor can I.= I can’t, either.
他不會跳舞，我也不會。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副詞提前，全部倒裝
如：Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
第四節(jié) 疑問倒裝
疑問句需部分倒裝語序，由于經(jīng)常用到不會成為考試的難點。
如：What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
by可視為被動語態(tài)的標(biāo)志詞，by之后的名詞短語是句中動作的施動者;在題干中若見到by+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)要優(yōu)先考慮用被動式
如: The wall is painted by Tom.
The book was written by Mark Twain.
注意1：by之后如果接的是動名詞，則表示方式、手段，不能視為被動式的標(biāo)志，且此時謂語應(yīng)用主動式，如：He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2：對于know來講，一般用be known to 而不用be know by
強調(diào)句中it作形式主語可以替代任何被強調(diào)的部分
基本模式：It + be + 強調(diào)對象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如：It was only you who cared for me. (強調(diào)主語)
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (強調(diào)賓語)
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (強調(diào)地點狀語)
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (強調(diào)時間狀語)
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (強調(diào)狀語從句)
注意：強調(diào)的對象是人時，可用who, whom或that, 其余情況一律用that; 當(dāng)強調(diào)對象在從句中做主語時用who/that, 當(dāng)強調(diào)對象在從句中做賓語時用whom/that.
虛擬語氣
此章內(nèi)容在TOEFL考點中處于相對次要地位，但在英文中是比較活躍的用法，必須對其有所了解, 這樣對讀題非常有幫助虛擬語氣是英文中一特殊的語言現(xiàn)象，主要用于表達與事實相反的陳述，常表達強烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責(zé)備、規(guī)勸等語義，可大致分為三類
一、對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬
基本形式：If + were /did等過去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如：If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事實上，I’m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
業(yè)內(nèi)名師團隊，班主任一對一服務(wù)，全面覆蓋考點，一次考試，保上名校。 ！
成人高考輔導(dǎo) 保過套餐 90%考點命中率 讓名校觸手可及！
課程名稱 |
課時 |
試聽 | 學(xué)費 |
報名 |
| 成考高起點語文(熱報) | 13周 |  |
￥200元 |  |
| 成考高起點數(shù)學(xué) | 13周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 成考高起點英語 | 13周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 成考高起點歷史地理 | 12周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 成考高起點物理化學(xué) | 12周 | |
￥200元 | |
| 網(wǎng)絡(luò)保過班(熱報) | 基礎(chǔ)班 +系統(tǒng)班 +串講班 | ￥1200元 | |
|
更多成考相關(guān)內(nèi)容
熱 2013成人高考高起點英語關(guān)鍵句型匯總
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料匯總
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料(八)
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料(七)
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料(六)
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料(五)
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料(四)
- 03-12·2013成考專升本語文記敘文部分資料(三)