09年成考高起點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法歸納與練習(xí)五

　　5.有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上是單數(shù)，根據(jù)意義一致原則動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

　　The chaos was stopped by the police

　　The news is a great encouragement to us

　　A series of debates between the lectures was scheduled for the next weekend.

　　6.用and 連接的成份表示一個(gè)單一概念時(shí)候，動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式

　　Bread and butter is our daily food

　　Time and tide waits for no man

　　二。 謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)情況

　　1. 由and， both …and， 連接的并列主語(yǔ)，和both ，a few， many ，several 等修飾語(yǔ)后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　Few people know he and I were classmates when we were at college.

　　2.集體名詞police， public， militia， cattle ，class ，youth后常用復(fù)數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞

　　The Chinese people are brave and hardworking

　　The cattle are grazing in the sunshine

　　3.當(dāng)表示民族的詞與冠詞合用當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

　　The Japanese were once very aggressive

　　4.某些形容詞前面加定冠詞表示一類(lèi)人，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)候，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　The rich are not always selfish

　　5.不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，其前有表示數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

　　Three million tons of coal were exported that year

　　三。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的情況

　　1. 就近一致原則

　　這種情況下，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)取決于最靠近該動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)，存在這種情況的主要由以下幾種可能：

　　1) 由連詞 either…or…; neither…nor…; whether… or…;not only…but (also) ;or 等連接的并列主語(yǔ)

　　Neither money nor fame has influence on me

　　Not only you but also he is wrong

　　2) 在倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)一致

　　Blocking the open-sided porch， framed by the enveloping fog， stands a tall grave-faced policeman.

　　Just outside the ruins is a magnificent building surrounded by tall trees.

　　Although a great number of houses in that area are still in need of repair， there has been improvement in the facili

　　2. 主語(yǔ)帶有(together/along)with， such as， accompanied by， as well as， no less than， except， besides， with， combined with， in addition to ， including， together with 等等附加成分，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)不受附加成分的影響仍然與主語(yǔ)保持一致

　　Professor Taylor ， with six of his students ，is attending a conference in Boston organized to compare current practice in the United States with those of other nations.

　　The president of the college， together with the deans， is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations. (1981年考研題)

　　3.關(guān)系代詞做主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)要與先行詞一致。如：

　　Despite much research， there are still certain elements in the life cycle of the insect that are not fully understood.

　　(1996年考研題)

　　There are many valuable services which the public are willing to pay for， but which do not bring a return in money to the community.