1)用that而不用 which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高" />
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語(yǔ)法指導(dǎo):使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)特別注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題

作者:不詳   發(fā)布時(shí)間:2009-06-27 10:21:33  來(lái)源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)
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  1、that與which的區(qū)別。
  1)用that而不用 which的情況:①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …;②先行詞有最高級(jí)修飾,有序數(shù)詞修飾;③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾;④先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。
  e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒(méi)有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
  The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個(gè)地方是象鼻山。
  This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過(guò)的最好的一部。
  Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認(rèn)識(shí)的唯一的外國(guó)人。
  2)用which而不用 that的情況:①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句;②代表整個(gè)主句的意思;③介詞 + 關(guān)系代詞。
  e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數(shù)學(xué)考試沒(méi)有及格,這使他的父親很生氣。
  This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過(guò)的房子。
  3)as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法
  ①as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句通常用于the same … as, such … as結(jié)構(gòu)中。
  e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
  Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車(chē)間使用的這種機(jī)器是中國(guó)制造的。
  ②as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可放在主句之前,也可放在主句之后,用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。通常用下列句型:as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
  e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預(yù)料的那樣,他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。 
  3)as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)與which的區(qū)別
  ①當(dāng)主句和從句語(yǔ)義一致時(shí),用as;反之,用which來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
  e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
  He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
  ②當(dāng)非限制定語(yǔ)從句為否定時(shí),常用which引導(dǎo)。
  e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.
  2. 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)由先行詞決定。 
  e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個(gè)人英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很流利。
  The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
  3. 定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)。
  e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.
  4. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有時(shí)可以用“介詞 + which”來(lái)代替。
  e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.
  5. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí),短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各個(gè)固定部分不要拆開(kāi)。
  e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
  6. 介詞在關(guān)系代詞前,只能用which和whom,且不能省略;介詞在句尾,關(guān)系代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語(yǔ)中也可用who,且可省略。
  e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school
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