貿(mào)易是指國家之間或地區(qū)之間進(jìn)行的貨物交易。一筆貿(mào)易的完成需要經(jīng)歷許多步驟。其中貿(mào)易洽談就包括詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤、接受等過程。洽談成功后貨物的發(fā)送、貸款的支付也是一個復(fù)雜煩瑣的過程。對貿(mào)易術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確掌握有助于貿(mào)易的順利完成。
　　常見的貿(mào)易術(shù)語有：
　　貿(mào)易順差、貿(mào)易逆差；
　　詢盤、發(fā)盤、還盤；
　　貿(mào)易許可證；
　　索賠、理賠；
　　CIF，CFR，CPT等等。
　　貿(mào)易是經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化環(huán)境下最常見的經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象，幾乎沒有一個國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)是封閉式的。中國每年的貿(mào)易額都在持續(xù)增長。中國最主要的出口產(chǎn)品為紡織品、茶葉、農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品等。主要進(jìn)口產(chǎn)品為糧食、高附加值工業(yè)品和一些高新技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。
　　英：
　　C.W.O.
　　Cash With Order, the cost of an item must accompany the order.
　　C.O.D.
　　Cash On Delivery, the cost of an item will be paid when the item is delivered.
　　In stock
　　Goods and materials that a company has available for immediate sale and delivery.
　　Inventory
　　The quantity of goods and materials on hand (in stock). Also, a detailed, itemized list, report, or record of products in a company’s possession, produced from a survey of all goods and materials in stock.
　　Backlog
　　A reserve supply or an accumulation of unfilled orders.
　　Waybill
　　A document giving details and instructions relating to a shipment of goods.
　　Shipping date
　　The date that an order actually starts moving toward a destination.
　　Price quote
　　An officially stated price for goods.
　　List price
　　A basic published or advertised price.
　　Discount
　　A reduction from the full or standard amount of a list price.
　　Shipment
　　Act or instance of shipping goods, or a quantity of goods that are shipped together.
　　Bill of lading
　　A document issued by a carrier to a shipper, listing and acknowledging receipt of goods for transport and specifying terms of delivery.
　　Invoice
　　A detailed list of goods shipped or services rendered, with an account of all
　　costs; an itemized bill.
　　Receipt
　　A written acknowledgment that a specified article, sum of money, or shipment of merchandise has been received.
　　Irrevocable Letter of Credit
　　Method of payment most commonly used for imports. The exporter is assured payment when they ship the goods, and the importer is assured that the goods have been dispatched according to their instructions.
　　Shipping documents
　　Documents that an exporter receives from the shipping company.The following terms are often used for price quotes in foreign trade:
　　FOB
　　Free On Board - price includes all costs of goods on a ship or aircraft whose
　　destination is stated in the contract.
　　CIF
　　Price includes Cost, Insurance, Freight to a named port of destination in the
　　buyer’s country.
　　CIP
　　Price includes cost of goods, Carriage (freight), and Insurance Paid by
　　container to a named destination in the buyer’s country.