A central bank is a country's main monetary authority and is responsible for the issuing and administration of currency; licensing and overseeing the operations of commercial banks and financial institutions; regulating financial markets (interest and exchange rates); maintaining foreign exchange and gold reserves; maintaining the payment and settlement system; and lending in the case of emergencies. The main aim of a central bank is to assess and analyze the changes in the economy and make adjustments to the base interest rates to guide it to sustainable long-term growth. The Central Bank in China is The People's Bank of China (PBOC). Other examples of central banks include the Federal Reserve Bank in the United States, the Bank of England, the European Central Bank and the Reserve Bank of Australia.
　　中央銀行是國(guó)家主要的金融機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)行和管理貨幣；準(zhǔn)許并監(jiān)督商業(yè)銀行與金融機(jī)構(gòu)的運(yùn)作；調(diào)節(jié)金融市場(chǎng)（利息和匯率）；維持外匯和黃金儲(chǔ)備；維護(hù)支付與結(jié)算系統(tǒng)；以及緊急貸款。中央銀行主要目的就是評(píng)估和分析經(jīng)濟(jì)變動(dòng)，以及調(diào)節(jié)基本利率來(lái)引導(dǎo)經(jīng)濟(jì)保持長(zhǎng)期增長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)的中央銀行就是中國(guó)人民銀行(PBOC)。其他中央銀行有美國(guó)聯(lián)邦儲(chǔ)備銀行、英格蘭銀行、歐洲中央銀行和澳大利亞儲(chǔ)備銀行。