2013年英語三級典型陷阱題分析:虛擬語氣
來源：發布時間：2013-01-09
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1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】正確答案選B。根據上文的語境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒忘記我在哪兒讀過這篇文章的話——但事實上忘了)。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”
A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。
【分析】最佳答案為D。關鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語氣，句子既然用了虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are C. will D. would
【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認為前后兩句的動詞性質應一致;選C者，認為其后帶有if 條件狀語從句，從語氣上看，主句應用將來時態。
【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助動詞 + 主語”是一個很有用的結構，它表示“……也一樣”時。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當動植物消失的時候，人類也會隨之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語從句的謂語用的是虛擬語氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應選D。
4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come
【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。根據上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時間狀語 the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應填一個一般將來時態。
【分析】但此題的最佳答案是 C。按照英語習慣，would rather 后接that 從句時，從句謂語通常要用虛擬語氣，即用過去式表示現在或將來，用過去完成時表示過去。又如：
I’d rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現在就離開。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我寧愿他沒告訴我這事。
請再做以下試題(答案均為B)：
(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”
A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t
(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”
A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t
(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”
A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.
A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on
【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。
【分析】最佳答案選 D。insist后的從句謂語有時用“should+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣，有時不用，具體要看該謂語動詞所表示的含義。一般說來，若該謂語動詞所表示的動作尚未發生，或尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣;若該謂語動詞所表示的動作已經發生，或已經成為事實，則要用陳述語氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。請做以下類似試題(答案選B)：
(1) The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
(2) The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.
A. should do, should be B. had done, should be
C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
(3) I advised that he _________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _________ quite well then.
A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling
C. he sent; feel D. should be sent; should feel
6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up
C. Did he give D. If he gave up
【陷阱】容易誤選 D。
【分析】正確答案應選B。之所以不能選D，是因為時態前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語是would not have got，這表明是對過去事實作出的假設，所以從句謂語應該是 had given up，而不是像D項那樣用一般過去時。另外，當虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：
Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價錢會降下來。
Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會把那場面拍攝下來了。
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