2012年貨運(yùn)代理英語輔導(dǎo)講義:第六章 海上運(yùn)輸服務(wù)與貨運(yùn)單證
來源:考試大發(fā)布時(shí)間:2012-08-21
一、Transport Geography 運(yùn)輸?shù)乩?/strong>
1-1課文:An international freight forwarder should be familiar with international trade routes.
注釋:be familiar with: 熟悉…… trade routes: 貿(mào)易線路
課文意思:國際貨運(yùn)代理應(yīng)熟悉國際貿(mào)易線路。
1-2 課文:He or she should have knowledge of main traffic routes, location of ports, trans-shipment points and inland centers.
注釋:knowledge: 知識 (have knowledge of: 具備……知識,可以引申為“了解,熟悉” traffic routes: 運(yùn)輸線路 location: 位置 trans-shipment points: 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)地 inland centers: 內(nèi)陸中心
課文大致意思:他(她)應(yīng)該熟悉主要的交通線路,港口的位置,轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)地和內(nèi)陸中心。
1-3 課文:A freight forwarder should also have a general idea of the pattern of international trade and its changing trends.
注釋:idea: 概念,注意,明白 pattern: 型式,模式 trend: 走向,方向,趨勢,傾向課文意思: 一個(gè)貨運(yùn)代理人還應(yīng)該對國際貿(mào)易的模式和其改變的趨勢有一個(gè)整體的概念。
二、Different Types of shipping services 不同類型的海上運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (考試重點(diǎn))
2-1 課文:The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注釋:namely: 即,就是,換句話說(=that is) conference lines: 班輪公會運(yùn)輸 non-conference lines: 非班輪公會運(yùn)輸 non-vessel operation common carriers: 無營運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人 tramp service: 不定期船運(yùn)輸 (tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)
課文意思:國際海上運(yùn)輸市場提供了四種類型的服務(wù),即班輪公會運(yùn)輸,非班輪公會運(yùn)輸,無營運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人和不定期船運(yùn)輸
2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會運(yùn)輸
2-2.1課文:A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會的定義,了解一下)
注釋:shipping conference:班輪公會 group: 團(tuán)體,集團(tuán) shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸 operating: 運(yùn)行的,操作的 particular: 特殊的,特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的,在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費(fèi)率表,運(yùn)費(fèi)表(我們最常用的詞義是“關(guān)稅”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線,旅行計(jì)劃 ports of call: 掛靠港,停靠港課文意思:班輪公會是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事營運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織,具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的掛靠港。
2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋:purpose:目的 eliminate:消除,除去 price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競爭 member lines: 會員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競爭 capture:獲得,爭取(原義是“捕獲”) traffic: 在這里是“買賣,交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠,忠實(shí)(loyalty agreement: 忠誠協(xié)議) shipper:托運(yùn)人
課文意思:班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝䥺T公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競爭,通過與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠協(xié)議為會員爭取大量貨源,以減少外部競爭。
2-2.3
對于托運(yùn)人來說班輪公會運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(兩點(diǎn)):
1. Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率 (stability: 穩(wěn)定,穩(wěn)定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (regularity:定期,規(guī)則,規(guī)則性)
班輪公會運(yùn)輸?shù)娜秉c(diǎn)(三點(diǎn)):
1. Rates are usually high. 費(fèi)率一般很高
2. Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand as in a tramp service.費(fèi)率不會像不定期船那樣隨供求關(guān)系的變化而變動(dòng)。(fluctuate:變化,變動(dòng);supply and demand:供求)
3. Rules and procedures are inflexible.規(guī)則和程序不靈活(rules:規(guī)則;procedure:程序,手續(xù);inflexible:不靈活的)
2-3 Non-conference lines 非班輪公會運(yùn)輸
2-3.1 課文:In recent years, along most international routes, non-conference lines have posed a challenge to conference system.
注釋:in recent years: 近幾年 along: 沿著 pose a challenge to: 對……提出挑戰(zhàn)
課文意思:近幾年,出現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)國際航線上的非班輪公會運(yùn)輸,對班輪公會提出了挑戰(zhàn)。
2-3.2 課文:This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers.注釋:attributable: 可歸于……的(be attributable to: 可歸因于) containerization: 集裝箱運(yùn)輸,貨柜運(yùn)輸 emergence: 出現(xiàn),發(fā)生 independent carriers: 獨(dú)立承運(yùn)人
課文意思:這是由于集裝箱運(yùn)輸和許多獨(dú)立承運(yùn)人的出現(xiàn)。
2-3.3 課文:As a result, along some routes, the conference lines have been forced to come to terms with the non-conference lines in regard to rates, and terms and condition of service.
注釋:as a result: 結(jié)果 be forced to: 被迫去做…… come to terms: 達(dá)成協(xié)議,妥協(xié),讓步 in regard to: 關(guān)于(=regarding, with regard to) terms: 價(jià)錢,費(fèi)用 condition: 條件。
課文意思:結(jié)果航運(yùn)公會被迫在運(yùn)價(jià)、運(yùn)輸條件上和非班輪公會公司達(dá)成協(xié)議。
2-4 Non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC) 無營運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人
2-4.1 課文:An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided. (無船承運(yùn)人的定義,了解一下)
注釋:operate: 營運(yùn) vessel: 船舶 sea transportation: 海上運(yùn)輸
課文意思:無船承運(yùn)人是從事定期營運(yùn)的承運(yùn)人,但并不擁有或經(jīng)營海上運(yùn)輸所需的船舶。
2-4.2 課文:Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier.
注釋:in relationship with: 與……的關(guān)系
課文意思:盡管無船承運(yùn)人相對于實(shí)際托運(yùn)人是承運(yùn)人,而相對于實(shí)際承運(yùn)人是托運(yùn)人。
2-4.3課文:He assumes the role of the principal and performs several functions.
注釋:assume: 擔(dān)任,承擔(dān)(assume a role of: 擔(dān)任……角色)principal: 主要的,最重要的,負(fù)責(zé)人(在這里是指“委托人”) function: 職責(zé),功能,作用,效力課文意思:(無船承運(yùn)人)擔(dān)任負(fù)責(zé)人的角色并履行一些職責(zé)
2-4.4 課文:He assumes responsibility for ocean carriers, both conference and non-conference lines.
注釋:assume responsibility: 負(fù)責(zé),承擔(dān)責(zé)任ocean carrier: 海上承運(yùn)人
課文意思:(無船承運(yùn)人)對海上承運(yùn)人負(fù)責(zé),包括班輪運(yùn)輸和非班輪運(yùn)輸。
2-4.5 課文:He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularly to small shippers who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates.
注釋:render: 給與 groupage or consolidation services: 拼箱或集運(yùn)服務(wù)( groupage: 拼箱,拼裝(小批量)貨物consolidation: 拼箱,集運(yùn)貨物) bargaining: 討價(jià)還價(jià) negotiating rate: 談判價(jià)
課文意思:(無船承運(yùn)人)通過提供拼箱或集運(yùn)服務(wù)給予托運(yùn)人有效的服務(wù),特別是對那些在談判價(jià)格中沒有多少討價(jià)還價(jià)能力的小的托運(yùn)人。
2-5 Tramp service 不定期船運(yùn)輸
2-5.1 課文:Tramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand. (不定期船的定義,了解一下)
注釋:according to :根據(jù),按照
課文意思:不定期船運(yùn)輸沒有固定的路線或者船期表,根據(jù)供求情況在任何線路上營運(yùn)。
2-5.2 課文:Tramp vessels are usually chartered at negotiated rates, particularly when the quantity of cargo is large.
注釋:charter: 租賃,包租
課文意思:通常是在談判價(jià)格下租賃不定期船船舶,特別是當(dāng)貨物的數(shù)量很大的時(shí)候。