備戰2011年職稱英語考試之重點語法精講(1)

　　語態是動詞的一種形式,它表示主語和謂語的關系.語態有兩種:主動語態和被動語態.如果主語是動作的執行者,或者是說動作是由主語完成的,要用主動語態;如果主語是動作的承受者,或者是說動作不是由主語而是由其他人完成的,則用被動語態.
　　被動語態考點聚焦
　　(一)被動語態的概念:
　　不知道或沒必要提到動作的執行者是誰時用被動語態.強調或突出動作的承受者常用被動語態(by短語有時可以省略).
　　(二)被動語態的構成方式:
　　be + 過去分詞,口語只也有用get / become + 過去分詞表示.
　　(三)被動語態的基本用法:
　　(1)使用被動語態時應注意的幾個問題.
　　①主動變化被動時雙賓語的變化.看下列例句.
　　My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
　　An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday.
　　I was given an interesting book (by my friend)on my birthday.
　　②主動變被動時,賓補成主補(位置不變);(作補語的)不定式前需加to.
　　The boss made him work all day long.
　　He was made to work all day long(by the boss)
　　③短語動詞變被動語態時,勿要掉"尾巴".
　　The children were taken good care of (by her).
　　Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
　　④情態動詞和be going to、be to、be sure to、used to、have to、had better等結構變被動語態, 只需將它們后面的動詞原形變為be +過去分詞.
　　⑤當句子的謂語為say、believe、expect、think、know、write、consider、report等時,被動語態有兩種形式:(A)謂語動詞用被動語態,動詞不定式作主補.(B)用it作形式主語,真正的主語在后面用主語在后面用主語從句來表示.如:
　　People say he is a smart boy.
　　It is said that he is a smart boy.
　　He is said to be a smart boy.
　　People know paper was made in China first.
　　It is known that paper was made in China first.
　　Paper was known to be made in China first.
　　類似句型有:It is said / known / suggested / believed / hoped/ thought that …