高一英語學(xué)習(xí)：數(shù)詞的用法詳解
1. 拼法需要當(dāng)心的序數(shù)詞
在first，second和third之后的序數(shù)詞都由基數(shù)詞加 -th構(gòu)成，但要注意以下拼法略有變化：
twentieth， thirtieth， fortieth… fifth eighth ninth twelfth..
2. 序號(hào)的表示
1) 基數(shù)詞放在名詞之后，通常寫作阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)，如：
page 4(P.4)讀作page four Room301讀作room three O [ou] one
Tel No.864412讀作telephone number eight six double four one two
2) 序數(shù)詞放在名詞之前，通常前面要加定冠詞.如：
the Eighth Lesson(=Lesson Eight) the First Middle School(=Middle School No. 1)
3. 數(shù)詞后面的名詞用單數(shù)還是用復(fù)數(shù)
表示計(jì)量時(shí)，基數(shù)詞后面的名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是在帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合名詞(常用作定語)里，名詞只用單數(shù)形式。試比較：
They baby is only six moths old. This is a six-moth-old baby.
I have five pounds. I have a five-pound note.
4. hundreds / thousands / millions of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)
hundred, thousand和million后加 –s與of連用，表示“數(shù)百、數(shù)千、數(shù)百萬”。
He has bought hundreds of books this year.
Thousands of seagulls arrived to help the farmers save their crops.
5. dozen和score
用法與hundred, thousand, million基本相似dozens of和scores of均表示“幾十個(gè)”。但有以下幾點(diǎn)區(qū)別：
1) 在接具體名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)dozen后不加of，而score常與of連用。如：
two dozen books two score (of)books
2) 若名詞被限定詞限定，dozen后應(yīng)加of，接賓格代詞亦如此。
three dozen of those (the, my, those) books three dozen of them
6. 表示不定數(shù)量的常用單詞和詞組
這些單詞或詞組與名詞的搭配關(guān)系見下表
用于可數(shù)名詞用于不可數(shù)名詞用于可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞
a bit of
(a) few(a) littleall
fewe rless plenty of
(the) fewest(the) leasta lot of; lots of
a (great) number ofa great deal (amount) ofenough
manymuchmore; most
several some; any
hundreds of
dozens of
1) (a) few 和(a) little
a few和a little與some的意思較接近，表示“有幾個(gè);有一點(diǎn)”。few和little則表示“幾乎沒有(= almost none)”的意思。試比較：
She doesn’t seem very friendly; she has few friends。 (not many friends)
Although she has been here only a short time, she has made a few friends. (some friends)
I can’t make a pie because there is little sugar. (not much sugar)
There is a little sugar for your coffee. (some sugar)
2) 用fewer還是用less
從理論上講few的比較級(jí)形式fewer用于復(fù)數(shù)名數(shù)前;little的比較級(jí)形式less用于不可
數(shù)名詞前，但是在現(xiàn)代英語中，尤其是在非正式場合下，也常用less代替fewer;例如：
If on1y there were fewer/less holes in the roof?
3) many + a + 名詞單數(shù)
many a后接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，表示“好些;許多”，多用于書面語或演講中。
Many a young man has had such a chance. (動(dòng)詞用has)
many a time則看作是固定詞組，表示“多次”。
That’s happened to me many a time.
(責(zé)任編輯：張新革)
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