2012高考英語考點專題講練:動詞的時態和語態(3)
6.過去進行時
①表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）；
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
②表示動作在另一過去動作發生時進行；
They were still working when I left.
③用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發生；
I was writing while he was watching TV.
④過去計劃、安排好的將來動作（只限于come， go， leave， arrive， start， move， sail， fly， travel， stay等）；
He said she was arriving the next day.
⑤與always， forever， constantly， continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。
（參看現在進行時的用法④）
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.
⑥過去進行時可用來描繪故事發行的背景。
The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
7.過去完成時
①表示在過去某一時間以前已經完成的動作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.
Everything had been all right up till this morning.
②表示動作或狀態從過去某個時刻開始一直延續到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續下去。At the age of ten，he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
③過去未曾實現的意圖、打算或希望（只限于think， want， plan， mean， intend， hope， expect， suppose，wish， want等動詞）。
I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday， but the rain prevented me.
我本來想昨天拜訪你的，但是下雨（讓我不能來）。
注意：
▲過去完成時必須以過去某一時刻為基點，即“過去的過去”。因此只有在和過去某時或某動作相比較時才用到它；
▲before， after本身表示時間的“前”“后”明顯，因此可用一般過去時代替過去完成時。
He （had） left before I arrived.
8.一般將來時
一般將來時有下列一些構成形式需要記住：
▲will/shall do （側重將來行為，不突出計劃安排去做某事）
▲be going to do （主觀上打算或客觀上可能發生）
▲be doing （按計劃將要發生，常和表示最近的將來時間連用）
▲be about to do （按計劃即將發生）
一般將來時的用法：
①現在看來以后要發生的動作或存在的狀態
Tom will come next week.
He will be here tomorrow.
②事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢
Oil will float in water.
Fish will die without water.
③對將來某個動作的安排、計劃
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
9.將來完成時
用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when，before引起的時間狀語連用。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
10.過去將來時
①過去某一時刻后將要發生的過去動作或過去的意圖打算（主要用于賓語從句中）；
She was sure she would succeed.
I thought you would come.
把一般將來時中的助動詞變成過去式，便成了過去將來時的表達形式。
②表示過去經常發生的動作。
When he was young， he would go swimming.
注意：would與used to的區別：would只表示過去，不涉及現在，而used to表示“過去常常”要與現在比較，即現在不是這樣了。
11.要求一定時態的固定的句型
①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.（正在做某事，這時突然……）
I was reading a book when the bell rang.
②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. （正要做某事，這時突然……）
We were about to leave when the telephone rang.
③It（This） is（will be ） the first/second/third…time+ that…
It‘s the first time I’ve seen her.
We have been there three times.
如果句中有比較確定的時間狀語，則服從時間狀語的要求。
Last year I saw him many times.
④It is/has been… since…
It is （has been） two weeks since I came here.
She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.
⑤Hardly… when…\No sooner… than…
Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.
I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.
⑥It（This） is（will be ） the first/second/third…time+ that…
This is the first time I have been here.
It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.
(責任編輯：張影)
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