2012高考英語考點(diǎn)專題講練:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)(3)
6.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
①表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這一過去時(shí)間須用時(shí)間狀語表示）；
He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
②表示動(dòng)作在另一過去動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)進(jìn)行；
They were still working when I left.
③用在兩個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；
I was writing while he was watching TV.
④過去計(jì)劃、安排好的將來動(dòng)作（只限于come， go， leave， arrive， start， move， sail， fly， travel， stay等）；
He said she was arriving the next day.
⑤與always， forever， constantly， continually連用，表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩。
（參看現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法④）
Comrade Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.
⑥過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來描繪故事發(fā)行的背景。
The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.
7.過去完成時(shí)
①表示在過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。
He had shut the door before the dog came up.
Everything had been all right up till this morning.
②表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個(gè)過去時(shí)刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。At the age of ten，he had learned 500 English words.He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.
③過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖、打算或希望（只限于think， want， plan， mean， intend， hope， expect， suppose，wish， want等動(dòng)詞）。
I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday， but the rain prevented me.
我本來想昨天拜訪你的，但是下雨（讓我不能來）。
注意：
▲過去完成時(shí)必須以過去某一時(shí)刻為基點(diǎn)，即“過去的過去”。因此只有在和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到它；
▲before， after本身表示時(shí)間的“前”“后”明顯，因此可用一般過去時(shí)代替過去完成時(shí)。
He （had） left before I arrived.
8.一般將來時(shí)
一般將來時(shí)有下列一些構(gòu)成形式需要記住：
▲will/shall do （側(cè)重將來行為，不突出計(jì)劃安排去做某事）
▲be going to do （主觀上打算或客觀上可能發(fā)生）
▲be doing （按計(jì)劃將要發(fā)生，常和表示最近的將來時(shí)間連用）
▲be about to do （按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生）
一般將來時(shí)的用法：
①現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
Tom will come next week.
He will be here tomorrow.
②事物的固有屬性或必然趨勢(shì)
Oil will float in water.
Fish will die without water.
③對(duì)將來某個(gè)動(dòng)作的安排、計(jì)劃
He is going to speak on TV this evening.
9.將來完成時(shí)
用來表示在將來某個(gè)時(shí)刻（前）將完成的動(dòng)作。常和by短語，when，before引起的時(shí)間狀語連用。
We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.
10.過去將來時(shí)
①過去某一時(shí)刻后將要發(fā)生的過去動(dòng)作或過去的意圖打算（主要用于賓語從句中）；
She was sure she would succeed.
I thought you would come.
把一般將來時(shí)中的助動(dòng)詞變成過去式，便成了過去將來時(shí)的表達(dá)形式。
②表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
When he was young， he would go swimming.
注意：would與used to的區(qū)別：would只表示過去，不涉及現(xiàn)在，而used to表示“過去常常”要與現(xiàn)在比較，即現(xiàn)在不是這樣了。
11.要求一定時(shí)態(tài)的固定的句型
①was/were doing sth. when…did sth.（正在做某事，這時(shí)突然……）
I was reading a book when the bell rang.
②was/were about to do sth. when…did sth. （正要做某事，這時(shí)突然……）
We were about to leave when the telephone rang.
③It（This） is（will be ） the first/second/third…time+ that…
It‘s the first time I’ve seen her.
We have been there three times.
如果句中有比較確定的時(shí)間狀語，則服從時(shí)間狀語的要求。
Last year I saw him many times.
④It is/has been… since…
It is （has been） two weeks since I came here.
She said it was five hours since she had finished her work.
⑤Hardly… when…\No sooner… than…
Hardly had we got in the crops when it began to rain.
I had no sooner come into the room than the door was closed.
⑥It（This） is（will be ） the first/second/third…time+ that…
This is the first time I have been here.
It'll be the first time I've spoken in public.
(責(zé)任編輯：張影)
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