2012高考英語考點專題講練:動詞的時態和語態(2)
2.現在進行時
①表示正在進行的動作;
②表示按計劃安排即將發生的動作。
She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。
He is working as a teacher tomorrow.從明天起他要做老師。
My father is coming to see me this Saturday.這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。
③代替一般現在時,描繪更加生動。
The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.江水滾滾向東流。
The sun is rising in the east.太陽從東方冉冉升起。
④與always, forever, constantly, continually連用,表示贊賞或厭惡等感情色彩,但并非強調動作正在進行;
He is always helping others.他總是肯幫助他人。
She is always forgetting something.她老是忘記某些事情。
⑤大多數動詞可用于進行時,但也有些動詞不用于進行時。
常見的有:
▲感覺類:look, smell, feel, sound, taste, see, hear
▲情感類:like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear
▲心態類:wish, hope, expect, want, need, believe, think, understand, agree, knowt
▲所有類:have, contain, won, hold, belong to等。
3.現在完成時
①表示過去發生的動作對現在產生的影響或結果,或說話時已完成的動作;
I have finished the report./ She has cleaned the room.
②表示從過去開始,待續到現在的動作或狀態,往往和“for……”, “since……”表述的一段時間狀語連用;
He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
③表示“曾經到過某地(人已回來)”用“have/has been to”;
表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用“have/has gone to”。
—Where is Li Hua? -He has gone to the reading-room.
—She knows a lot about Shanghai. -She has been there.
④在時間狀語從句,條件狀語從句或讓步狀語從句中表達將來某時已經完成的動作。
When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.
We‘ll start at six if it has stopped raining by then.
注意:這里的現在完成時強調從句動作在主句動作之前完成, 如果兩個動作同時或幾乎同時發生, 則不必用完成時;試比較:
I‘ll let you know as soon as I hear from her.
She will call you when she gets home.
⑤短暫動詞(即瞬間動詞),join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,
break out等,在完成時態中,其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。
要譯“他參軍已經三年了”不能說:He has joined the army three years.可采用:
▲“ago法”:He joined the army three years ago.
▲“延續法”:He has been in the army for three years.
▲“since法”:It is/has been three years since he joined the army.
注意:沒有包括“現在”在內或不是截至“現在”為止的時間狀語不能與現在完成時連用, 但“in(over) the
past/last+時間段“要與現在完成時連用。
4.現在完成進行時
①用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續到現在(或今后還要繼續一去)的動作;
He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.
②凡是不能用于現在進行時的動詞均不能用于現成完成進行時。
5.一般過去時
①表達特定的過去時間內發生的動作或存在的狀況,或過去某一時間內經常發生或反復發生的動作或為;
He often sang when he was a boy.
He went to the cinema last night with her boy friend.
②用于I didn‘t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現在已知道或記得的事情。
用于I didn‘t know…或I forgot…,表示事先不知道或不記得,但現在已知道或記得的事情。
I didn‘t know you were here.(現在已經知道)
Sorry, I forgot to bring my book.(“忘記帶書”已成為過去的事了)
這一用法考生要特別注意。
注意:參看過去將來時的用法②。
(責任編輯:張影)
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