10月在職碩士英語復習：語法復習要點

來源：考試大時間：2012-09-02 08:30:26

　　語法復習要點

　　語法與詞匯在聯考中占20道題，10分，此部分的目的是測試學生對大綱要求的1800多詞和400個左右的常用詞組(以及2700個認知詞匯)和語法的運用能力，從試卷上看，語法所占的比例不大，實際上，在英譯漢，短文寫作甚至完形填空中又間接地測試了學生的這些能力，因此學生除了熟記與掌握大綱要求達到的詞匯，還應全面復習有關的語法知識。

　　本講語法結構部分主要包括名詞的數、格、形容詞、情態動詞、時態、非謂語動詞、虛擬語氣、以及主謂一致等，限于篇幅，每個專題僅對部分重點內容進行簡明扼要地歸納，供大家復習參考。

　　一、名詞

　　(一)名詞的數

　　可數名詞有單、復數兩種形式。復數形式除了規則變化外，應注意以下幾點：

　　1.以下名詞只有單數形式。

food soil population hair bread damage

advice housework homework game (獵場) furniture

work clothing air courage scenery

information dust equipment evidence fruit fun

machinery glass intelligence ice money luck

meat milk poverty news progress rice

rain sand idea想法 snow soap ignorance

tea sugarwater work traffic wealth

vocabulary poetry transportation luggage warfare

They are so excited today, for they bought a lot of furniture yesterday. （ two pieces of furniture）
注：furniture前可用pieces of或much, much 通常用在否定句或疑問句中。
My information is that she has passed the college entrance examination.

2．以下名詞只有復數形式來源：考試大

goods (貨物) effects (財物) papers(文件)

greens (青菜) looks (外貌) manners (禮貌)

riches(財富) arms (武器) customs (關稅)

The greens are always nourishable. 青菜總是富有營養的來源：考試大。
Small arms are often carried by the soldiers. 士兵常攜帶小型兵器。

3．以下名詞單、復數同形

aircraft Chinese fish Japanese series

sheep Swiss shark (鯊魚) deer means

species buffalo hovercraft (氣墊船) wildduck (野鴨)

There are some deer in the woods.
Blackmail is a species of crime which we all hate.

4．以下名詞形式上為復數，意義上則為單數

scissors glasses trousers shoes clothes tongs

shorts (短期債券) stockings tweezers (鑷子)

上述名詞可用some修飾；clothes除外。也可用a pair of…
Try to find me some scissors.
He stands 1.7 meters in his stockings.

5．以下名詞的復數是不規則的來源：考試大

child—children man—men woman—women

tooth—teeth foot—feet mouse—mice

louse—lice ox—oxen goose—geese

Children less than 5 years old have emotional needs that only loving parents can fill.

6．以下是一些外來詞的不規則形式

analysis—analyses (分析) crisis—crises (危機)

bacterium—bacteria (細菌) criterion—criteria (標準)

diagnosis—diagnoses (診斷) medium—media (媒介)

appendix—appendices (索引) emphasis—emphases

radius—radii (輻射狀部分；半徑) datum—data (數據)

phenomenon—phenomena (現象) thesis—theses

formula—formulae/formulas (公式；俗套話) axis—axes (軸)

This article deals with the natural phenomenon which is most interesting to everyone. 這篇文章論述的是人人都感興趣的那種自然現象。
The media are often accused of being biased. 傳媒常常被指責有偏見。