托福考試語法題筆記1（一）

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案：B

分析：動詞believe 的用法：直接加that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。這里that為連接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。

參考譯文：大多數(shù)殖民時(shí)期的醫(yī)生認(rèn)為疾病來源人體內(nèi)不平衡的體液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案：B

分析：缺賓語，答案中只有B，D可以作賓語，但D的語序不對。

參考譯文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

補(bǔ)充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth

3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案：A

分析：缺賓語，C， D都不能作賓語。一句話中只能有一個(gè)謂語，而B中有was，句中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)謂語，一定錯。

參考譯文：1955年1月7號，Marian Anderson成為在第一個(gè)在紐約Metropolitan Opera House擔(dān)任主唱的美籍黑人。

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which，

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案：B

分析：考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位語。A中and為conj.，后面應(yīng)該連接一個(gè)完整的句子，但缺主語，錯；C中語序混亂，錯； D中of which作為介詞賓語，后面應(yīng)該接一個(gè)完整句，但只有一個(gè)phenomenon主語，句子不完整，錯。

參考譯文：可能戰(zhàn)后最重大的趨勢就是美國城市的分散化，當(dāng)大規(guī)模高速公路建設(shè)項(xiàng)目容許了更大程度的發(fā)展郊區(qū)，這個(gè)現(xiàn)象更被促進(jìn)了。

補(bǔ)充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接賓語

5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. became

D. did he become

答案：A

分析：before為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞conj，后面一般引導(dǎo)一個(gè)完整的句子。B同時(shí)出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞，錯；C缺主語；D應(yīng)該為正常語序，選項(xiàng)中使用了倒裝句式，錯。

參考譯文：里根在成為美國總統(tǒng)之前連續(xù)兩屆擔(dān)任加州的州長。

6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.

A. Their botanical classification as berries

B. Although their botanical classification as berries

C. Because berries being their botanical classification

D. Classified botanically as berries

答案：D

分析：句子的主語是grapes ， 后面是平行結(jié)構(gòu)grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格處就應(yīng)該是同位語，狀語從句，分詞等修飾成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，錯；B中Although為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯；C中Because為conj.，后面應(yīng)該是完整句，錯。

參考譯文：培植的葡萄的植物分類跟漿果是一樣的，它們成串的長在樹上，顏色從灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同數(shù)量的糖份。

7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.

A. a basic instrument

B. basic instrument

C. how basic an instrument it is

D. as an instrument is basic

答案：A

分析：instrument可數(shù)，前面應(yīng)該有限定詞a.and前為一簡單句。

參考譯文：鐃鈸在軍樂隊(duì)里是一個(gè)基本的樂器，而且還經(jīng)常在現(xiàn)代管弦樂里使用。

8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.

A. as they are

B. are they

C. there are

D. are

答案：A

分析：兩個(gè)謂語需要有一個(gè)conj.來連接。一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯。

參考譯文：在樂器演奏家的哲學(xué)里面，思想和知識是專有排外性的功能性的過程。他們的重要意義僅限于在經(jīng)驗(yàn)發(fā)展的過程中，用于樂器演奏。

9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.

A. Working fire extinguishers

B. Fire extinguishers that work

C. Fire extinguishers work

D. The work of fire extinguishers

答案：C

分析：空格中缺主謂。A中沒有謂語；B中that多余，因?yàn)榫渲兄挥幸粋�(gè)謂語；D也沒有謂語。

參考譯文：滅火器的通過冷卻或者減少火中的氧氣的方法工作的，大多數(shù)時(shí)候兩個(gè)方法都會用到。

10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.

A. to purchase their own automobiles

B. their own to purchase automobiles

C. to their own purchase automobiles

D. own their automobiles to purchase

答案：A

分析：為固定結(jié)構(gòu)enable sb to do sth.

參考譯文：規(guī)模生產(chǎn)方法的產(chǎn)生，使得人們能夠買自己的車，并獲得了空前的靈活性。