托福考試語法題筆記1（二）

11. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案：A

分析：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。B中多了一個(gè)謂語was，因?yàn)楹竺嬉呀?jīng)有一個(gè)謂語動詞served， 一個(gè)句子中出現(xiàn)2個(gè)謂語且沒有連接詞就一定錯(cuò)； C中who多余，用法也不正確；D中of whom多余，不是定語從句，考的是同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。

參考譯文：Frances Perkins，是美國內(nèi)閣的第一為女性成員，她從1933到1945年在內(nèi)閣擔(dān)任勞工部秘書。

12. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

答案：D

分析：When為狀語從句引導(dǎo)詞；語序應(yīng)該為正常語序，A，C錯(cuò)；B語序混亂，明顯應(yīng)該用被動形式，而且有固定結(jié)構(gòu)add to.

參考譯文：當(dāng)把烘烤用粉加到面團(tuán)里加熱的時(shí)候，會釋放出二氧化碳，使得面團(tuán)漲開。

13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案：B

分析：to calculate，這里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的邏輯主語是geneticists，只有B符合要求；A中只有主語，句子不完整。

參考譯文：遺傳學(xué)家運(yùn)用概率的理論來計(jì)算在后代中擁有相似特點(diǎn)個(gè)體占有的百分比。

補(bǔ)充： 如同A的形式， 逗號前面就是一個(gè)名詞短語， 然而正確的句子里， 名詞短語要么作為主語的同位語， 要么本身是主語， 如11題。 否則就是脫離句子成分， 成為錯(cuò)誤。

14. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements, where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts, rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案：C

分析：where引導(dǎo)狀語從句，后面缺主謂。

參考譯文：大型樂隊(duì)爵士依賴于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音樂的樂器超過一個(gè)，而不是現(xiàn)聲發(fā)揮。

15. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案：D

分析：those是泛指，這里應(yīng)該用their來特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

參考譯文：因?yàn)楹Ｔ鍌兊牟煌�特性，植物學(xué)家把他們分成7個(gè)不同的組別或分支。

16. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.

A. consisting

B. as to consist

C. consist

D. which consisting

答案：A

分析：分詞作狀語。如果用consist的話，應(yīng)該用個(gè)conj.后面加個(gè)完整的句子。

參考譯文：染色體現(xiàn)今被認(rèn)為是主要的遺傳物質(zhì)攜帶者，這些遺傳物質(zhì)由DNA和各種各樣的蛋白質(zhì)組成。

17. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

答案：A

分析：句中出現(xiàn)is和preys兩個(gè)謂語動詞，一定是個(gè)復(fù)合句；用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，pinniped為先行詞，that后為不完整句。

參考譯文：美洲虎海豹是僅有的捕食企鵝和其他海豹的鰭足類動物。

18. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.

A. That

B. Why

C. Although

D. It is

答案：C

分析：空格后有2個(gè)完整句，空格處需要一個(gè)conj.

參考譯文：盡管nova意味著新的，但其實(shí)新星們是存在了很久而突然閃耀出光輝的恒星。

19. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.

A. Earth is

B. is from Earth

C. what is Earth

D. is it Earth

答案：A

分析：比較結(jié)構(gòu)的對稱性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun

參考譯文：因?yàn)榛鹦潜鹊厍螂x太陽要遠(yuǎn)，火星繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)一圈的時(shí)間要比地球長。

20. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.

A. a complex network

B. how a complex network

C. a complex network and

D. a network that is complex

答案：A

分析：缺賓語。B中的從句只有主語，句子不完整，錯(cuò)；C中and作為連詞，后面缺謂語，錯(cuò)；D錯(cuò)，因?yàn)閛f前應(yīng)該為名詞。

參考譯文：社會系統(tǒng)就是一個(gè)社會關(guān)系的復(fù)雜網(wǎng)絡(luò)，這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)里把成員的行為方式向核心價(jià)值觀靠攏。