人郵第二輯真題 TEST 4 READING PART 1
1、Successful leadership involves making sure that employees accept new ideas.
2、A good leader can bring success to a company in difficulties
3、Leaders should be assessed on the basis of their achievements
4、The personalities of good leaders are generally different from those of other managers
5、Patience is a valuable quality in a successful leader
6、Leaders consider potential changes in what their company does for others
7、Good leaders will encourage their staff if their organization is in difficulties
8、Leaders need to adapt their behaviour to suit different circumstances
A Maurizio Verna
Long-term, visionary business leaders must be prepared to invest to get what they want for their company. They know when and how to apply pressure and to take risks, when they need to display a more hands-off approach. I have a pretty clear view of my ideal business leader, and of course that’s where I ‘m trying to head: he or she should start up and grow a cash-rich, multi-interest international organization of tremendous strength and depth.
B Sue Tucker
The pace of technological change, and the rate at which businesses are changing , requires leaders to have a particular aptitude for technology and an understanding of the internet. A lot of people are aware of the opportunities here ,but awareness alone isn’t enough: in a true leader this needs to be coupled with clever marketing, product design and technological innovation, and keeping abreast of everything going on in the company. In fact the acid test , I think , is being able to use all of these skills to turn around a failing company.
C Carol Godfrey
Effective leaders stand out from the herd. They’re often idiosyncratic, even eccentric.They have the confidence to be themselves, and not to adopt the language and attributes of the run-of-the-mill professional managers and accountants. What’s crucial is having the charisma or whatever it is that gives their staff confidence in them, so they can keep everyone on board when they want to make innovations. So often these don’t get off the ground because of lack of leadership, because after all, our response to change is significantly affected by how it’s introduced.
D Brian Matthews
Leadership is about making things happen and being judged by results. Good ideas that go nowhere are a waste of time. Anticipate needs-those of customers for instance-and initiate action to meet those needs before the people concerned have even recognized they’ve got them. That way you’ll always be ahead of the game, whatever line you’re in. For instance, top stockbrokers will learn all about you and your business and keep themselves completely up to date with your field in order to advise you. If they’re really good they ‘ll recognize trends even before you do .
E Ana Costa
Outstanding leaders understand both tactics and strategy, and are prepared to play a very long game to achieve their objectives. They understand that in negotiations they need the “ win-win” concept, because losers risk losing their dignity, which is no good for your long-term business relationship with them. Leaders must stay optimistic, whatever the odds, and keep up morale of their company, even when the going’s tough. It’s important to be very much hands-on, too. A good leader will champion ideas that keep the company in the forefront.
關(guān)于領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力（leadership）的文章，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的水平對(duì)一個(gè)企業(yè)是至關(guān)重要的。
第一題，說好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力涉及到確保員工能接受新的觀點(diǎn)。答案在C段：so they can keep everyone on board when they want to make innovations.這里on board的意思是：as part of a group or team, especially for a special purpose。所以這句的意思是想要變革創(chuàng)新的時(shí)候能保證所有人都參與其中。還有這一段的最后一句our response to change is significantly affected by how it’s introduced.變化引進(jìn)的方式會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響我們對(duì)變化的反應(yīng)。意思也就是說，你用一種什么樣的方式來要求大家change，最后是會(huì)影響大家對(duì)change的態(tài)度的。那么好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力當(dāng)然會(huì)讓大家接受change。選C。
第二題，好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能給處于困境的公司帶來成功。答案是B段的這么一句：is being able to use all of these skills to turn around a failing company.。動(dòng)用所有的技能扭轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)瀕臨失敗邊緣公司的狀況。
第三題，評(píng)估領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須以成就為基礎(chǔ)。答案是D段的第一句話：Leadership is about making things happen and being judged by results。以結(jié)果來評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果，就是所作出的貢獻(xiàn)，就是成就（achievements）。
第四題，好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的素質(zhì)通常是不同于其他經(jīng)理們的。答案是C段的這么一句：not to adopt the language and attributes of the run-of-the-mill professional managers and accountants.。Run-of-the-mill是個(gè)形容詞，一般性的，普通的。attribute是特性。不采用那些一般性的職業(yè)經(jīng)理和會(huì)計(jì)師的言語(yǔ)和特質(zhì)。也就是different。
第五題，耐性是個(gè)成功領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的珍貴品質(zhì)。答案是E段的第一句話：Outstanding leaders understand both tactics and strategy, and are prepared to play a very long game to achieve their objectives。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)，要準(zhǔn)備打一場(chǎng)持久戰(zhàn)。Play a very long game，需要的就是patience。（這題出的也忒絕了，考場(chǎng)上咋想的出來？！）
第六題，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)必須考慮公司為他人所作的可能變化。這話有點(diǎn)繞口，其實(shí)意思就是要考慮潛在的變化。答案是D段的這么一句：Anticipate needs-those of customers for instance-and initiate action to meet those needs before the people concerned have even recognized they’ve got them.預(yù)測(cè)需求，在人們還沒有意識(shí)到之前就采取措施來滿足這些需求。Anticipate needs，就是potential changes in what their company does for others。
第七題，好的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會(huì)在公司陷入困境時(shí)鼓勵(lì)員工的。答案在E段，比較明顯：whatever the odds, and keep up morale of their company, even when the going’s tough.不管有多大的可能性，保持公司的士氣，即便是在情況艱難的時(shí)候。Keep the morale，就是encourage the staff。
第八題，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)需要讓他們的行為適應(yīng)不同的情況。這題也很抽象。選A：They know when and how to apply pressure and to take risks, when they need to display a more hands-off approach.什么時(shí)候需要施加壓力并且冒險(xiǎn)，什么時(shí)候需要采用一個(gè)防守的策略。也就是根據(jù)不同的情況采用不同的措施。真是高度的抽象概括。
