2014考研英語重難點句型解析—被動語態

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 　　對于考研英語重難點的長難句的學習，在熟練掌握常見的語法知識的基礎上，考研語法側重在具備充分語境的情況下，有意義地去解析完形填空、閱讀理解、翻譯等各類題型中出現的長句、難句和某些罕見的語法現象。

　　被動語態

　　【難句】1. Car drivers can buy electro-petrol hybrids but aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy-density makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

　　【結構分析】 以連詞but為切入點，本句包含兩個并列分句。其中第二個并列分句aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene, because its energy�瞕ensity makes it the only practical fuel to carry around in the air包含because引導的原因狀語從句，使用了make it sth。(使它成為……)結構，主句aircraft are, for now, stuck with kerosene使用了被動語態，并由介詞短語for now分隔，連接后得到aircraft are stuck with kerosene，翻譯時為符合漢語習慣譯為主動。

　　【參考譯文】 小汽車司機可以購買電力汽油混合動力的汽車，但是飛機只能用煤油，因為它的能量密度使其成為唯一可以在空中攜帶的燃料。

　　【難句】2. It can be plugged into a hand-held device (such as a mobile phone, music player or portable games console) to power or recharge it, and has sufficient capacity to provide around 30 hours of talk-time on a mobile phone, or 60~80 hours of playback time for an iPod music player. (The Economist Jun. 8, 2006)

　　【結構分析】 去掉括號內的舉例補充說明，以and為切入點，得到It can be plugged into a hand�瞙eld device to power or recharge it, and has sufficient capacity to provide…, and并列了兩個謂語，前一謂語使用了被動語態be plugged，翻譯時我們可轉譯為主動，后一謂語的賓語補足語to provide后的賓語由or并列，分別為around 30 hours of talk�瞭ime on a mobile phone和60~80 hours of playback time for an iPod music player。

　　【參考譯文】 它可以放入手持設備(比如手機、音樂播放器或便攜式游戲機)給其提供能源或充電，足以供一部手機通話30小時，或者一臺iPod音樂播放器播放60到80小時。

　　【難句】3. Questions are increasingly being asked by the councils about how they can be sure that misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide. (The Guardian Oct. 3, 2007)

　　【結構分析】 本句使用了被動語態的現在進行時結構，主干為Questions are increasingly being asked about…，施動者by the councils構成了分隔結構。在翻譯時，我們可以化被動為主動，the councils are increasingly asking questions about…，介詞about后的賓語由how引導的從句how they can be sure…充當，這里又包含一個特殊的結構“主語+adj.+從句”，that引導的名詞性從句 misconduct is not taking place on the grants they provide中，grants后是一個省略了關系代詞that/which的定語從句，關系代詞在從句中作provide的賓語。

　　【參考譯文】 各委員會越來越多地提出問題——關于他們如何能夠確保在他們同意的情況下避免發生處理不當的行為。

　　【難句】4. It’s much easier to say “Great idea!” when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team, than it is to take the time to explain why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file. (Business Week Feb. 5, 2007)

　　【結構分析】 本句成分復雜。以逗號為切入點，得到一個比較結構It’s much easier to say “Great idea!”…than…。it是形式主語，前半部分的真正主語由不定式結構to say “Great idea!”…充當，這里包含一個when引導的時間狀語從句when a terrific solution has been put forward by someone on your team，使用了被動語態的現在完成時。后半部分真正主語為to take the time to explain…，explain后的賓語是why引導的賓語從句 why an employee’s favorite brainchild isn’t going anywhere except the circular file。在翻譯時，我們將狀語提前，且化被動為主動。

　　【參考譯文】 當團隊中的某個人提出了極好的解決方案時，說“好主意”要比花時間解釋為什么一個職員比較喜歡的想法比較終被拋棄要容易得多。