2012考研英語真題解析：英語一完形填空詳解

縱觀本次考試完型考題，難，那是相當的難！難在一點：讀不懂！法律相關的文章已經多年未見，上次謀面應該是在考研01年改革去掉詞匯那年，那年的考題也讓很多考生叫苦不迭。再看本次考試完型考題，簡單，那又是相當的簡單！簡單在于：比較后成為答案的選項無一超過四級詞匯要求！這一點也是讓很多考生比較為懊惱的。那些在迷茫時有著選擇難詞偏向型強迫癥的同學，不知又作何感想。下面是本次考試完型真題、選項及參考答案，不妨我們來做一個簡單的分析。

The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices became an important issue recently. The court cannot 1(emphasize/maintain/modify/recognize) its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2(when/lest/before/unless) justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3(rendered/weakened/established/eliminated) the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.

段首句，秉承往年特色，沒有出題，但依舊扮演了重要的角色。很多考生將issue一詞理解為話題，所以使第一句話失去了原有的意義，故而也失去了做題重要的依據。Issue一詞根據朗文字典解釋，應為：a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter that affects the interests of a lot of people，故段首句應該理解為ethical judgments of the Supreme Courts justices變得倍受爭議來得恰當得多。其實這句話主導了后文政對于法的公正性的影響。

第一題的maintain … as …表示“維持其作為法律條文守護者的合法性”，本題沒有做對的同學，請參考09年考題的第13題后自行面壁反省。

第二題的when一詞，雖然貌似是時間引導詞，其實按照翻譯來看，“當法官們采取像政客一樣的行為方式時，法院就無法維持其作為法律條文守護者的合法性”，這個“當”扮演的是一個“if”的條件表達，而再放大一點，條件關系應當隸屬于并列、轉折和因果三大邏輯關系的因果體系，條件亦即原因表達。所以原文可以理解為：因為法官們采取像政客一樣的行為方式時，所以法院無法維持其作為法律條文守護者的合法性。類似考點請參考99年44題where一詞的考法。

第三題前的acted in ways其實就是前文的behave，所以兩句話之間形成轉折對應關系。前句說到：法院無法維持其作為法律條文守護者的合法性，若法官們采取像政客一樣的行為方式。緊接著一個“yet”“然而，在一些情況下，法官們的行為的確如此。”是正常的邏輯表達方式（此處也可參考下段首句的分析）。所以后半句的內容就應該是：acted in ways that使courts cannot maintain its legitimacy，也就是本文中所選的weakened the court’s reputation of being independent and impartial.

Justices Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito Jr., for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4(challenged/compromised/suspected/accepted) as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5(advanced/caught/bound/founded) by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6(resistant/subject/immune/prone) to the code of conduct that 7(resorts/sticks/leads/applies) to the rest of the federal judiciary.

本段首句提到兩個法官出現在政治活動中，但重點卻在于for example一詞，表示這是對上文的舉例。很顯然，這里說的就是法官采取政客行為，所以再次證明上段末第三題的分析。

第四題：這類行為使得法院的決定被認為是公正判斷的可能性有所下降。此處的accepted as一詞的比較直接線索來自文末句“That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, (by all means/at all costs/in a word/as a result), convincing as law.”中的be seen as一詞，而本段本句中的less likely正好呼應了文末的more likely. 而本文第四段末句which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17(dismissed/released/ranked/distorted) as unjust也考察了同樣內容be dismissed as unjust，只不過是其反義表達而已�？忌�可以總結歸納類似表達：be regarded as, be considered as, be seen as, be viewed as等等，當然也包括反面的be dismissed as及其近義表達。

第五題的be bound by，即被綁定一個ethics code，雖然理解的情況下，不難解釋，但很多考生問道：如何找到這個詞的線索。其實本文到這里就不難理解，無非是法應該綁定ethics還是politics，綁定politics的容易受人懷疑，所以比較好劃清界限，綁定ethics。這樣，我們就找到了其對應的部分：第三段末句“Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely (guarded/followed/studied/tied).”這個tied和本題的be bound by，應該算是激情四射的一對了。

看到第六題，我覺得上過我的課的學生如果沒做出來，那不是你跳樓，是我想去跳樓了。請參考04年28題，選項都有三個一樣的，回憶下我講的這道題，以及比較后一節課下課之前對你們說的話，你們懂的，我不解釋！

第七題是一個主動和被動的詞組的同義替換，上半句說到court使其自身subject to 那些code，后半句說那些 code被apply to 其他的聯邦法官。其實也完全可以說court應該將其他的聯邦法官所subject to的那些code apply to它自身。簡單的說，法院、法官be subject to code，code be applied to 法院、法官，其實本文末段首句The justices must (suppressed/exploit/address/ignore) doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves (accessible/amiable/agreeable/accountable) to the code of conduct.中的accountable to the code也是同一個考點。另外，值得一提的是，本題中出現了一個熟詞僻義現象，conduct一般考生只能做動詞解，在此處為名詞，解釋為behavior，即code of conduct解釋為“行為準則”，呼應首段末句中的behave一詞。

This and other cases 8(evade/raise/deny/settle) the question of whether there is still a 9(line/barrier/similarity/conflict) between the court and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law10 (by/as/through/towards) having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11(so/since/provided/though) they would be free to 12(serve/satisfy/upset/replace) those in power and have no need to 13(confirm/express/cultivate/offer) political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14(guarded/followed/studied/tied).

第八題考察的raise the question的搭配在歷年來說也屢見不鮮，01年49題前半句Concerns were raised就曾經出現過這樣的表達。關鍵是考察學生能否舉一反三，掌握raise類似的用法。而且本文末段首句The justices must (suppressed/exploit/address/ignore) doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves (accessible/amiable/agreeable/accountable) to the code of conduct.中還有個和這個raise考點完全一致的單詞address。從這幾個題的分析，考生至少應該得到以下結論：question, concern, doubt都是既可以和raise搭配又可以和address搭配，且raise和address在這種情況下沒有區別，可以互換。希望類似的學習方法對考生以后的學習有一定的啟發！

第九題的line一詞，意思很簡單，就是指法和政之間的界限問題。而直接的線索來自第四段末句When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it (excludes/questions/shapes/controls) is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily (dismissed/released/ranked/distorted) as unjust.中的ideological lines。學會上下文綜合分析，對完形填空的解題技巧有著舉足輕重的作用，相信上過我的課的同學都應該深有體會！

第十題，前文第五題已經告訴我們法要綁定ethics，與politics劃清界限，也就是遠離politics。此段也是圍繞這個中心展開。所以這句想要表達的是“制憲者預想法有權遠離政治。”as這里后接動名詞，作介詞講。

第十一題，典型因果關系，前因后果。因為justices有了permanent positions（永久官位）的保障，justices就沒有必要去拉攏政界，而可以去upset當權者，也就是說法與政分離。

第十二題，請參考上題。

第十三題考察熟詞辟義現象，亦即cultivate一詞解釋為拉攏關系。按照朗文字典的英語解釋為：to make an effort to develop a friendly relationship with someone, especially someone who can help you。應該很有中國特色，方便理解。但本題的確是一般考生非常容易失分的點，類似這種考題，對于水平中等或以下的同學，只能隨緣了。

第十四題，請參考本文第五題的解釋。

Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15(concepts/theories/divisions/convenience) like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16(excludes/questions/shapes/controls) is inescapably political — which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily 17(dismissed/released/ranked/distorted) as unjust.

第十五題考察了前后的邏輯關系，其緊后詞like是一個舉例關系詞，所以liberty和property是十五題的具體舉例和表現，而第十五題則是它們的歸類，也就是說liberty和property屬于fundamental social concepts（基本社會概念）。

第十六題，定語從句中省略that（指代the law），that作shape的賓語，it指代the court，也就是說the court shapes the law。

第十七題，請參考第四題。

The justices must 18(suppressed/exploit/address/ignore) doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19(accessible/amiable/agreeable/accountable) to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, 20(by all means/at all costs/in a word/as a result), convincing as law.

第十八題，請參考本文第八題解釋。

第十九題，請參考本文第七題解釋。

第二十題 首先我們可以先稍微分析下選項，by all means意為“無論如何，盡一切辦法”，at all costs意為“無論如何，不惜一切代價”，基本同義，可以考慮排除掉。in a word總結性詞組，“總之，簡言之”。as a result表因果關系，“結果是”。本文中多次考察因果關系，如第十一題。并且文章中也多次運用到因果關系。

比較后提一句，今年考研英語中的完形填空部分，出自《紐約時代》（New York Times）的一篇文章Ethics, Politics and the Law. 近些年，我們經常在一些著名外刊雜志（如Economist等）上看到考研完型文章的影子，考研完型文章時常在這些外刊中挑選文章并加以節選和改編。所以如果考生平時打好基礎，養成經常閱讀外刊雜志的好習慣，想必對考試中取得高分也是大有裨益的。比較后祝愿考生在考試中取得好成績，考入自己理想的院校！