考研英語狀語從句全面剖析

　　1．There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive，however lucky and robust we are．

　　[參考譯文]  不管我們多么幸運，多么健壯，我們所希望的長壽年齡實際上是有限度的。

　　[結構分析] 該句分為兩部分：(There is a virtual limit on how long we can hope to remain alive, ) (however lucky and robust we are.)，第一部分是主句，第二部分是however引導的讓步狀語從句；主句中on…alive是介詞短語，作limit的后置定語，how引導的從句是介詞on的賓語，該從句的主語是we，謂語是can hope to remain，表語是alive；讓步狀語從句的主語是we，謂語是are，表語是lucky and robust。這句話翻譯時也要將從句提前，然后再譯主句。

　　[知識鏈接]  virtual實際的；remain保持；a limit on…對……有限制；alive活著的；lucky幸運的；robust健壯的。

　　2. While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development.

　　[參考譯文]  盡管正式的學習過程是由挑選出來擔當此角色的教師來進行的，非正式的學習過程卻是作為孩子成長的自然一部分而完成的。

　　[結構分析]  該句可拆分為兩部分，(While formal learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role,) (informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. )，第一部分是While引導的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句；從句中，formal learning是主語，謂語是is transmitted，過去分詞selected作teachers的后置定語，是不定式to perform this role作selected的目的狀語；主句中，informal learning是主語，謂語是is acquired，介詞短語as a natural part of a child's development作acquired的結果狀語。

　　[知識鏈接]  while盡管，雖然；formal learning正式的學習過程；transmit傳遞；perform從事，執(zhí)行；informal learning非正式的學習過程；acquire獲取；development發(fā)展(這里活譯為“成長”)。

　　3. While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization, its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon.

　　[參考譯文]  雖然社會心理學根植于整個西方文明的知識土壤里，其今日的繁盛卻被認為是典型的美國現(xiàn)象。

　　[結構分析]  該句可拆分為兩部分：(While the roots of social psychology lie in the intellectual soil of the whole western civilization,) (its present flowering is recognized to be characteristically an American phenomenon. )，第一部分是以While引導的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句；從句中，主語是the roots，謂語是lie in，of social psychology是roots的后置定語，the intellectual…western civilization是介詞in的賓語，of the whole western civilization是soil 的后置定語；主句的主語是its present flowering，其中的its指代前面的roots，謂語是is recognized，不定式to be．．．an American phenomenon作主語flowering的補足語。

　　[知識鏈接]  social psychology社會心理學；1ie in存在于……；intellectual知識的，知識分子；civilization文明；flowering開花(活譯為“繁盛”)；be recognized to be．．．被看作……；characteristically典型地。

　　4. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable, although competition is.

　　[參考譯文]  雖然這種競爭會引發(fā)以他人利益為代價的領土擴張行動，因此也會引發(fā)沖突，但卻不能認為類似于戰(zhàn)爭的國家間的沖突不可避免，盡管競爭是不可避免的。

　　[結構分析]  該句可拆分為三大部分；(White it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, ) (it cannot be said that war-like conflict among other nations is inevitable,) (although competition is. )，第一部分是While引導的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句，第三部分是although引導的讓步狀語從句；第一部分的主語是山指代后面的that從句，實際上，While it is true that已形成固定結構，參見知識鏈接，that從句的主語是this competition，謂語是may induce，賓語是efforts，不定式to expand territory作efforts的后置定語，at the expense of others作expand的狀語；and之后的lead to是謂語，與前面的induce并列，conflict是賓語；主句中的主語是it,指代后面的that從句，該從句的主語是conflict，謂語動詞是is，表語是inevitable，復合形容詞war-like作conflict的定語，among other nations作conflict的后置定語；第三部分although從句的主語是competition，謂語是is，表語是inevitable，承前省略了。該句的第二部分，即主句運用了被動語態(tài)，在翻譯時要譯為漢語的主動語態(tài)，這是常用的一條原則，因為英文多被動，漢語多主動。

　　[知識鏈接]  while it is true that．．．雖然……是(正確的)；competition競爭；induce引發(fā)，導致；territory領土；領地；at the expense of…以……為代價；conflict沖突；war-like類似于戰(zhàn)爭的；inevitable不可避免的。

　　5. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case.

　　[參考譯文]  盡管迄今為止互聯(lián)網似乎更加青睞國際社會中的發(fā)達領域，而非不太發(fā)達的領域，情形并不總是如此。

　　[結構分析] 該句可拆分為兩部分：(While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favoring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed,) (this need not always be the case. )，第一部分是While引導的讓步狀語從句，第二部分是主句；從句中，it是形式主語，指代后面的that從句，While it is true that已形成固定結構，參見知識鏈接，that從句主語是the Internet，謂語是seems，不定式to be．．．作表語，介詞短語over the less developed作favoring的狀語；主句比較簡單，主語是this，指代從句內容，謂語是need not always be，表語是the case。

　　[知識鏈接]  while it is true that盡管，雖然；to date迄今；favor青睞，重視；sector部門，領域；the international community國際社會。