很多同學看了很多語法書, 可是覺得自己做題的時候, 自己對語法掌握得還不是很好. 當然原因很多. 其一就是很多同學在研究語法(這是語法學家做的事情), 比如哪些詞可以做主語, 背得很熟, 可是做題時卻用不上. 其二就是基本的語法規則沒有掌握 本站將推出
高考語法復習專題, 從
高考的角度來講語法 希望對有需要的同學有幫助.
特色: 推出一句話語法.一句話語法為語法之精要,在此基礎上擴展就可以形成語法體系.
語法復習一：句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復合句
一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定義：構成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主語和謂語；次要成分有表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語和同位語。
（二）主語：主語是一個句子所敘述的主體，一般位于句首。但在there be結構、疑問句（當主語不疑問詞時）和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語從句等表示。一句話語法: 主語由名詞性的詞來充當. 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名詞）
We often speak English in class.（代詞）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（數詞）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（動名詞）
The rich should help the poor.（名詞化的形容詞）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主語從句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式）
（三）謂語：謂語說明主語所做的動作或具有的特征和狀態。動詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。一句話語法: 謂語由動詞充當. 有很多同學在寫作的時候容易犯的錯誤就是要么亂用be動詞,要么句子沒有謂語動詞. 謂語的構成如下：
1、簡單謂語：由一個動詞或動詞短語構成。如：He practices running every morning.
2、復合謂語：（1）由情態動詞或其他助動詞加動詞原形構成。注意:這里面的動詞原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系動詞加表語構成。如：We are students.
（四）表語：表語用以說明主語的身份、特征和狀態，它一般位于系動詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數詞、不定式、動名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。一句話語法: 表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名詞）
Is it yours?（代詞）
The weather has turned cold.（形容詞）
The speech is exciting.（分詞）
Three times seven is twenty one?（數詞）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（愛好）is playing football.（動名詞）
The machine must be out of order.（介詞短語）
Time is up. The class is over.（副詞）注意: 副詞可以做表語的只有幾個,非常簡單,考試不考,所以上面說:表語使用形容詞,不用副詞! 我們所復習的語法直接針對
高考,不是搞語法研究,這點請大家一定要記住.
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語從句）
（五）賓語：賓語表示動作的對象或承愛者，一般位于及物動詞和介詞后面。一句話語法:賓語由名詞性的詞充當,賓語分為動詞賓語和介詞賓語,分別構成動賓結構和介詞結構,這點非常重要,務必要牢記.例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展覽）yesterday.（名詞）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代詞）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（數詞）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名詞化形容詞）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短語）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（動名詞短語）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（賓語從句）
賓語種類：（1）雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同學搞不清楚什么是雙賓語,記下下面這個句子: give me a book.一人一物做賓語就是雙賓語.說得白一點,雙就是兩個的意思.（2）復合賓語（賓語+賓補），例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）賓語補足語：英語中有些及物動詞，除有一個直接賓語以外，還要有一個賓語補語，才能使句子的意義完整。帶有賓語補足語的一般句型為：某些及物動詞（如make等+賓語+賓補）。賓補可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當。一句話語法: 賓語補足語使用形容詞,不用副詞.例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名詞）
They painted their boat white.（形容詞）
Let the fresh air in.（副詞）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短語）
We saw her entering the room.（現在分詞）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介詞短語）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（從句）
（七）定語：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。一句話語法:定語使用形容詞 定語可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分詞）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名詞）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代詞）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（動名詞）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介詞短語）
（八）狀語：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子(這個就叫狀語,一句話語法: 狀語用副詞,不用形容詞)，說明動作或狀態特征的句子成分，叫做狀語。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副詞及副詞性詞組）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介詞短語）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短語）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分詞短語）
Wait a minute.（名詞）
Once you begin, you must continue.（狀語從句）
狀語種類如下：
How about meeting again at six?（時間狀語）(表示時間就是時間狀語,那表示原因的呢? 對嘍,就是原因狀語)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因狀語）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（條件狀語）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地點狀語）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式狀語）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴隨狀語）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的狀語）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（結果狀語）
She works very hard though she is old.（讓步狀語）
I am taller than he is.（比較狀語）
練習一
一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的主語（—）、謂語（＝）、賓語（～）：
I hope you are very well. I'm fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm. August is the hottest month here. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. We have a lot of machines on the farm. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. But he employs more men for the harvest. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. It doesn't often rain in the summer here. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. Every evening we pump water from a well. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden.
三、用符號劃出下列短文各句中的定語（—）、狀語（＝）、補語（～）：
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents.
四、選擇填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold
C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
前三題做不做都可以 第四題答案: 1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB
大家重點做一下第四題,有些題目比較難(當然是相對于我們剛復習的語法而言,比如第一題是定語從句,這個我們還沒有復習到,所以做不好也是正常的),做完題之后,回過頭來再看一下一句話語法是不是很有用.
語法復習一：句子成分；簡單句、并列句和復合句
二、簡單句、并列句和復合句
（一）句子種類兩種分類法
1、按句子的用途可分四種：
1）陳述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of you before.
特點: 用句號結束一個句子
2）疑問句（一般、特殊、選擇、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?
疑問句就是問句
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class
祈使句: 表示命令或者請求. 和有沒有主語沒有關系
4）感嘆句：How clever the boy is!
還有一個結構是用 what. how 后面加上的是形容詞副詞.what后面加上的是名詞.
2、按句子的結構可分三種：
1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）。
e.g. He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.
2) 并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or等）或分號（；）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構成。
要注意喲,逗號是不可以連接句子的,這一點和漢語不同.
e.g. You help him and he helps you.
The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）復合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。
有主句和從句構成,在一個句子前面加上連詞(當然不是and,but,or了),這個句子就是從句了.
e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.
（二）簡單句的五種基本句型
1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g. He is a student.
2、主語+不及物動詞：e.g. We work.
3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.
4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：
e.g. My father bought me a car.
5、主語+及物動詞+復合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.
注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴展、變化或省略而構成。
這是非常重要的,不需要理解,背下來吧
（三）并列句的分類
1、表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等連接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.
2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.
3、表示轉折，常用的連詞有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.
4、表示因果關系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
這里大家記住這些連詞就夠用了.如果一下子記不住這么多,就記一個兩個,記住有的時候不要和自己較勁
（四）
高考考點探討
1、簡單句的五大句型是最基本的句型。雖然近幾年單純考查這種基礎句型的題不多，但是在閱讀中有時需借助于劃分句子成分去理解，在書面表達中，沒有最基本的遣詞造句的能力是不可能用地道的英語句子來表達清楚的。
2、祈使句、反意疑問句和感嘆句是
高考命題的熱點之一。有時把祈使句與反意疑問句結合于一體來考查。一個題目，幾個考點，是近幾年命題的發展趨勢。
3、
高考對簡單句、并列句和各種復合句的考查常表現在對連詞的選擇和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它連接名詞性從句、定語從句和狀語從句的連接詞、關聯詞。
4、各種主從復合句的考查常常與動詞的時態聯系在一起，以賓語從句與狀語從句最為明顯，時間從句與條件從句中，如果主句是將來時，從句則用一般式表將來，這一點在
高考中經常考查。
如：We will go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow。
練習二、簡單句、并列句和復合句
一、判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：
1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
二、判斷下列短文中各句是簡單句、并列句還是復合句：
I hope you are very well（ ）. I'm fine, but tired（ ）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（ ）. August is the hottest month here（ ）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（ ） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（ ）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（ ）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（ ）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（ ）. But he employs more men for the harvest（ ）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（ ）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（ ）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（ ）. Every evening we pump water from a well（ ）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（ ）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（ ）. These parties often make us very happy（ ）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（ ）. It's great（ ）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（ ）. Some of my friends drink beer（ ）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（ ）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（ ）. There are five different time areas in the States（ ）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（ ）. How many different time areas do you have in China（ ）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（ ）. Please give my best regards to your parents（ ）.
三、選擇填空：重點做
1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.
A. and B. or C. if D. so
2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?
A. hasn’t he B. isn’t he C. isn’t it D. hasn’t it
3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
4. Let us pass, ____?
A. shan’t we B. shall we C. won’t we D. will you
5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?
A. do I B. don’t I C. is he D. isn’t he
6. You had better not smoke here, ____?
A. will you B. had you C. shall you D. have you
7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.
A. then B. but C. and D. or
8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when
you left the room last night.
A. and B. but C. so D. because
9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.
A. Henry hasn’t too B. Henry also has not either
C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry
10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing,
____ others enjoy swimming.
A. or B. for C. while D. so
11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?
---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so
12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?” ----“It’s 38 degrees.”
A. Which B. How C. How hot D. How high
13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he? ---- ____.
A. Yes, he isn’t B. No, he isn’t C. No, he is D. He is
14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!
A. How, is she B. What, is she C. How, she is D. What, she is
15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.
A. or B. so C. for D. yet
16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. was making B. makes C. is making D. made
17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.
A. but B. and C. or D. yet
18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.
---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.
A. Tell me B. If you would say to me
C. You will tell me D. If you tell me
19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.
A. yet he B. but he C. and D. he
20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.
A. since B. but C. because D. so
21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn
22. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ fish.
---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.
A. and, and B. and, but C. or, and D. or, but
23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.
A. and B. so C. as D. but
24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.
A. arriving B. to arrive C. having arrived D. and arrived
26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointed
27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was
talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave
29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.
A. Mind B. Glance at C. Stare at D. Watch
四、按要求完成下列句子：
1. He dares to tell the truth.（改為否定句）
2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（對畫線部分提問）
3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?
（完成反意疑問）
4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改為祈使句）
5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改為一般疑問句)
6. It is an interesting story.（改為感嘆句）
7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（對畫線部分提問）
8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑問）
9. The moon is shining brightly.（改為感嘆句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.
（對畫線部分提問）
一、1、簡單句；2、復合句；3、簡單句；4、簡單句；5、并列句；6、復合句；7、并列句；8、復合句；9、簡單句；10、簡單句
二、
I hope you are very well（復合句）. I'm fine, but tired（簡單句）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（并列句）. August is the hottest month here（簡單句）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（并列句） Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（簡單句）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（并列復合句）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（簡單句）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（復合句）. But he employs more men for the harvest（簡單句）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（簡單句）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（簡單句）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（簡單句）. Every evening we pump water from a well（簡單句）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（簡單句）.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（簡單句）. These parties often make us very happy（簡單句）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（簡單句）. It's great（ 簡單句）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（簡單句）. Some of my friends drink beer（簡單句）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（復合句）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（簡單句）. There are five different time areas in the States（簡單句）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（簡單句）. How many different time areas do you have in China（簡單句）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（簡單句）. Please give my best regards to your parents（簡單句）.
三、1~5 ACADD 6~10 BCBDC 11~15 ADBCC 16~20 ABADB 21~25 DDDCD 26~30 ADDBD
四、1. He doesn’t dare to tell the truth. 或He dare not tell the truth. 2. How long have they lived here? 3. won’t there 4. Be careful with your pronunciation. 5. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6. What an interesting story (it is)! 或How interesting the story is! 7. How often does this magazine come out? 8. could they 9. How brightly the moon is shining! 10. Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
高考語法復習二、主謂一致
在英語句子里，謂語受主語支配，其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律，大致可歸納為三個原則，即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。
（一）語法一致原則：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。
1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數形式；主語為復數時，謂語動詞用復數形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
注意：由what引導的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式，但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.
2、由連接詞and或both … and連接起來的合成主語后面，要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
注意：① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.
3、主語為單數名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式；若主語為復數，謂語用復數形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞，都作單數看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.
注意：① 在口語中當either或neither后跟有“of+復數名詞（或代詞）”作主語時，其謂語動詞也可用復數。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數；若它后面的名詞是復數，它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如：None of us has (have) been to America.
5、在定語從句時，關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注意：people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞”構成的短語以及由“分數或百分數+名詞”構成的短語作主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.
注意： a number of“許多”，作定語修飾復數名詞，謂語用復數；the number of“…的數量”，主語是number，謂語用單數。
8、在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如：There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.
（二）邏輯意義一致原則：邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致（因有時主語形式為單數，但意義為復數；有時形式為復數，但意義為單數）。
1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數，也可是復數，主要靠意思來決定。如：Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.
2、表示“時間、重量、長度、價值”等的名詞的復數作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式， 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式，其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如： “The Arabian Nights”is an interesting story-book.
4、表數量的短語“one and a half”后接復數名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞可用單數形式（也可用復數。如：One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.
5、算式中表示數目（字）的主語通常作單數看待，其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6、一些學科名詞是以 –ics 結尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等，都屬于形式上是復數的名詞，實際意義為單數名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn’t easy to study.
7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時，謂語用復數，但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。如：My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
8、“定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用復數。
（三）就近一致原則：在英語句子中，有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。
1、當兩個主語由either … or, neither … nor, whether … or …, not only … but also連接時，謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如：Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?
2、there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語，則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room..
注意：Here引導的句子用法同上。
