2012年同等學(xué)力申碩英語寫作語法講義(5)

　第五講  不定式

　　5．1 不定式(The Infinitive)的形式

　　注：i) 不定式的否定是“not+不定式”。例如：

　　Jane asked me not to mention it.

　　ii) 不定式前面可以加特殊疑問詞，如how to do, when to leave, what to say等。

　　5.2 不定式的句法功能

　　1) 作主語

　　a) 不定式作主語時(shí)，常用it放在句首代替不定式，而將不定式移到謂語后面。例如：

　　To complete the 24-storied building in 10 months was a great achievement.

　　(=It was a great achievement to complete the 24-storied building in lo months.)

　　To be a good teacher requires/patience.

　　(=It requires patience to be a good teacher.)

　　b) 有時(shí)用“介詞for/of+代詞/名詞”表示不定式的邏輯主語，但要注意它們在意思上的區(qū)別。

　　例如：

　　i) It is important for you to use your time wisely.(=It is important that you use your time wisely.)

　　ii) It was brave of him to dive from the cliff.(=He was brave to dive from the cliff=How brave (it was) of him to dive from the cliff.)

　　用在ii)類句子作主語補(bǔ)語的形容詞有absurd，bold，brave，careful，careless，cowardly，cruel，foolish，generous，good，honest，kind，nice，polite，rude，selfish，silly，stupid，thoughtful，thoughtless，wicked，wise，wrong等。

　　2) 作賓語

　　a) 動詞+不定式

　　We hope to have more opportunities to talk with native speakers.

　　He promised not to tell anyone about it.

　　能帶不定式作賓語的動詞還有afford，agree，ask，attempt，beg，begin，bother，care，choose，claim，consent，decide，demand，desire，dislike，endeavour，expect，fail，fear，forget，hate，help，hesitate，intend，learn，like，love，manage，mean，neglect，offer，plan，pledge，prefer，prepare，pretend，refuse，remember，resolve，start，threaten，undertake，venture，volunteer，vow，want，wish等。

　　b) 動詞+wh-詞+不定式

　　They asked how to get to the railway station.

　　Have you decided whether to go for an outing?

　　能以這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語的動詞還有：consider，discover，explain，forget，guess，know，learn，observe，remember，see，tell，understand，wonder等。

　　3) 作賓語補(bǔ)語

　　a) 動詞+名詞/代詞+不定式

　　He challenged Ann to race him to the school.

　　We should get him to see a doctor.

　　He told me where to take the bus.

　　能帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞還有：advise，allow，ask，be9，cause，command，compel，enable，determine，encourage，expect，。feel，find，force，hate，*have，*hear，*help，inform，invite，*let，like，*make，mean，need，*notice，notify，oblige，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，*see，send，teach，tell，tempt，trouble，urge，want，warn，watch，wish等。

　　注：有*號的動詞后面的不定式零帶to。

　　b) 動詞+it+形容詞/名詞+不定式

　　He feels it challenging to be a supermarket manager.

　　賓語補(bǔ)語 賓 語

　　Robert doesn’t think it advisable for Mary to be on a diet.

　　能帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞還有consider，judge，make等。

　　c) 動詞+名詞/代詞+to be.../to have...

　　They appointed Professor Johnson to be the president of the university.

　　We believe him to have the best collection of stamps in the country.

　　能帶這種結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語補(bǔ)語的動詞還有：choose，declare，find，guess，imagine，judge，prove，report，select，think等。

　　這種結(jié)構(gòu)多用于正式文體，在口語或非正式文體中常用賓語從句。例如：

　　We believe that he has the best collection of stamps in the country.

　　4) 作定語

　　a) 由only，last，next序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾的名詞常用不定式作定語。例如：

　　He is always the last one to leave the office.

　　This is the third case of smallpox to occur in the town.

　　I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.

　　b) 不定式常用作下列名詞/代詞的定語：ability，ambition，anything，attempt，capability，chance，curiosity，desire，decision，determination，effort，failure，intention，need，nothing，opportunity，place，plan，promise，reason，right，something，tendency，time，way，wish等。例如：

　　Anything to do with the sun is called “solar”.

　　I have no desire to travel.

　　There’s no need to bother him with such trifles.

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