2012年同等學力申碩英語語法：主謂一致關系

　　主謂一致關系

　　英語中，主語和謂語在數、性和格上應該保持一致，但在實際應用中很容易被忽視，尤其是主語和謂語之間出現插入語，故考試中經常考到主謂一致。除了以上特殊名詞謂語有特殊要求外，現將主謂一致的考點歸納如下：

　　(1) 復數原則：兩個或者兩個以上的名詞由and連接做主語時;主語由both ...

　　and ... 連接時，謂語動詞用復數。

　　Baseball and swimming are usually summer sports. 棒球和游泳通常都是夏季的運動項目。

　　Both bread and butter are sold in that grocery. 那個雜貨店既賣面包，也賣黃油。

　　(2) 就近原則： 由 either ... or ...;neither ... nor ...;not only...but also...;...or ...;there be ...等引導的主語，謂語動詞的單復數取決于最靠近動詞的名詞的單復數。

　　Not only the students but also their teacher is invited to attend the party. 受邀參加晚會的不僅有學生而且有教師。

　　(3) 就遠原則：主語，+ as well as + 另一個主語，謂語動詞的單復數取決于第一個主語的名詞的單復數。

　　My mother，as well as my two brothers，has a key to the office.

　　我母親，還有我的兩個哥哥都有一把辦公室的鑰匙。

　　適用于同樣規定的其他結構：

　　with...;together with...;along with...;including...;in addition to...;besides...;except...;as much as...;accompanied by ...;rather than...等。

　　(4) 表示時間、距離、價值、量度的復數名詞做主語時謂語動詞用單數。

　　One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor. 對于窮人來說，100美元是個不小的數目。

　　Twenty days has passed since I met her last time. 自從我上次見到她到現在已經過去二十天。( twenty days 這里不做整體看待，故謂語動詞用復數)

　　(5) and連接兩個名詞表示一個概念做主語時，謂語用單數;若表示的是多個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數。

　　War and peace is a constant theme in literature. 戰爭與和平是文學中永恒的主題。(War and peace是一對概念，看做一個主題)

　　同例：ham and eggs火腿蛋 steam and bread饅頭

　　law and order法制 bread and butter面包黃油

　　apple pie and ice cream蘋果派冰激凌 folk and knife刀叉

　　wheel and axle 輪軸 needle and thread針線

　　love and hate愛與恨 egg and rice 蛋炒飯

　　The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指同一個人)

　　The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in our university tonight.(指兩個人)

　　A black and a white dog are playing in the yard.(指兩只狗)

　　A black and white dog is playing in the yard.( 指一只狗)

　　(6) 動詞不定式、動名詞、名詞性從句做主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy，wealthy and wise.(指“早睡早起”一件事)

　　To work hard is necessary 努力工作是很必要的。

　　What I said and did is of no concern to you. 我所說的和所做的與你無關。

　　Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations are assignments for the students during the holiday. 學生假期的任務是讀3本古典小說和做社會調查。(注意：指不同性質的兩件事，謂語用復數 )

　　(7) many a，more than one + 單數可數名詞，盡管表示復數意義，謂語仍用單數。

　　Many a student has made such a mistake. 很多學生都犯了這樣的錯誤。

　　More than one stranger agrees with me. 不止一個陌生人同意我的看法。

　　[注意]

　　在“more + 復數名詞 + than one”結構做主語時，謂語動詞用復數。

　　More persons than one have been involved. 卷入其中的遠不止一人。

　　(8) 由every ...and every ...;each ... and each...;no ... and no...;many a ...and many a ... 等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞用單數。

　　Every man and every woman working here is getting along well with me. 在這工作的所有人和我相處得都很好。

　　No difficulty and no hardship has discouraged him. 沒有什么困難或挫折可以打敗他。

　　(9) 由 all of，most of，half of， a lot of，part of 等加名詞構成的主語，謂語動詞的數取決于該名詞的單復數。

　　All of us are going to see the game. 我們所有人都去看電影。

　　All of his time was spent on gambling.他把所有時間都花在賭博上了。

　　Three-fourths of the people are illiterate.3/4的人都是文盲。

　　同例： plenty of...，one fourth of...，none of...，some of ...，majority of ...，... percent of ...，the rest of ...，reminder of ....

　　(10) a number of(a total of ，an average of )+ 復數名詞，謂語動詞用復數。

　　the number of(the total of，the average of)+ 復數名詞，謂語動詞用單數。

　　The total of dollars donated last month was 10，000 dollars. 上個月總共捐贈了1萬美金。

　　同例：a / the variety of;a / the group of

　　(11) 定語從句的謂語動詞注意與先行詞保持一致，但注意the only one of... 的用法。

　　One of those men likes to drive fast. 這些人中有一個人喜歡開快車。

　　One of those men who like to drive fast is her son. 這些人中喜歡開快車的那個是她的兒子。

　　He is the only one of those men who likes to drive fast. 他是這些人中唯一喜歡開快車的。

　　(12) 由some，any，no，every 構成的復合詞如somebody，nothing，nobody，anything，everybody等代詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數;由each，every one，no one，either，neither，another，the other做主語時，謂語動詞用單數;由either，neither，each，every修飾名詞做主語時，謂語動詞用單數。如：

　　More than one example is necessary to make the students understand this rule clearly. 要想使學生清楚地理解這個問題，不只需要一個事例。

　　Neither is satisfactory. 兩個都不令人滿意。

　　Is either of the singers reading now?兩個歌手中，哪個現在正在看書?

　　(13) the + adj / v-ed 表示一類人時，用復數謂語動詞;表示抽象概念時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.

　　病人得到了醫治，失蹤的也找回來了。

　　同例：the poor / dumb / innocent / guilty / unemployed / aged / oppressed / exploited...

　　We can do the difficult first. The impossible takes a little longer.

　　我們先從難題開始，不會的可能花的時間長一些。

　　The best is yet to come. 好戲還在后頭。

　　(14) a pair of + 由兩部分物體構成的名詞(如：shoes，scissors，glasses，jeans，pants，trousers)做主語時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　My new pair of pants is being altered. 我的一條短褲正在修改。

　　(15) 當主語被one (a) and a half 修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　One and a half apples is left on the plate. 盤子里還剩了一個半蘋果。

　　(16) 當主語由 a series of...，a portion of ...，a species of ...，a kind of ...，a sequence of ...，a chain of...，a piece of ... 加名詞(單數或復數)構成時，謂語用單數。

　　A series of lectures on psychology is said to be given by Mr. Li.

　　據說李先生會做一系列心理學方面的講座。

　　A large portion of her poems was published after her death.

　　他的很多詩歌都是在他死后發表的。