2011年工程碩士GCT英語輔導專欄（第八周）

主謂一致

　　1） 語法形式上要一致，即單復數形式與謂語要一致. 

　　2） 意義上要一致，即主語意義上的單復數要與謂語的單復數形式一致。

　　3） 就近原則，即謂語動詞的單復形式取決于最靠近它的詞語，

　　一般來說，不可數名詞用動詞單數，可數名詞復數用動詞復數。例如：

　　There is much water i the thermos.

　　但當不可數名詞前有表示數量的復數名詞時，謂語動詞用復數形式。例如：

　　Te thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

　　1. 主謂一致中的靠近原則

　　2.謂語動詞與前面的主語一致

　　3.指代意義決定謂語的單復數

　　4.與后接名詞或代詞保持一致

　　5. 謂語需要用單數

　　6.特殊詞

主謂一致中的靠近原則

　　1）如果句子是由here， there引導，而主語又不止一個時，謂語通常也和最鄰近的主語一致。

　　Here is a pe ， a few envelops and some paper for you.

　　There is a pe ， a knife and several books o the desk.

　　There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students i the class.

　　2）當either… or… ;neither… nor; not only … but also連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞與最鄰近的主語保持一致。例如：

　　Either you or she is to go. 不是你去，就是她去。

　　Neither you, nor I, nor anyone knows the answer.

　　Not only you but also he is to blame for the accident.

　　1. There ______ i this room.

　　a. are too much furniture b. is too many furnitures 

　　c. are too much furnitures d. is too much furniture

　　2. The manager or his assistant ______ planning to go.

　　a. were b. are c. was d. be

　　3. Not only I but also David and Iris ______ fond of playing basketball.

　　a. am b. is c. are d. was

　　4. Neither Tom nor his parents ______ at home.

　　a. is b. are c. has d. was

　　答案：1 D 2C 3C 4B 

謂語動詞與前面的主語一致

　　當主語有with， along with, together with， like， besides, except， but， no less tha ， as well as, i additio to, rather tha , accompanied by 等詞組成的短語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語部分一致。例如：

　　The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.

　　教師和一些學生在參觀工廠。

　　He as well as I wants to go boating.

　　他和我想去劃船。

　　1. No one except two students ______ the meeting.

　　a. has bee late for b. have bee late for

　　c. was late for d. were later for

　　2. All but him and me ______ to the exhibitio .

　　a. am going b. is going

　　c. are going d. was going

　　3. Interest, as well as prospects, ______ important whe one looks for a job.

　　a. are b. were c. is d. was

　　4. The president, accompanied by his assistants, ______.

　　a. have arrived b. are arriving

　　c. had arrived d. has arrived

　　答案：1 C 2 C 3 C 4 D

指代意義決定謂語的單復數

　　1）代詞what， which， who， none， some， any， more， most， all等詞的單復數由其指代的詞的單復數決定。例如：

　　All is right.　一切順利。 All are present.　人都到齊了。

　　What I want is ice cream. What I want are books.

　　2）集體名詞作主語時，謂語的數要根據主語的意思來決定。如family， audience， crew， crowd， class， company， committee, staff, cabinet等詞后，謂語動詞用復數形式時強調這個集體中的各個成員，用單數時強調該集體的整體。

　　His family is 't very large. 他家成員不多。

　　His family are music lovers.　他家個個都是音樂愛好者。

　　但集合名詞people， police， cattle， poultry(家禽)等在任何情況下都用復數形式。

　　Are there any police around？ 附近有警察嗎？

　　1. All that ca be done ______. 

　　a. has done b. has bee done

　　c. have done d. have bee done

　　2. The committee ______ over the problem among themselves for two hours. 

　　a. has argued b. has bee arguing

　　c. have argued d. have bee arguing

　　3. Cattle ______ o the hillside.

　　a. grazes吃草 b. is grazing

　　c. was grazing d. were grazing

　　4. Measles ______ a kind of infectious illness.

　　a. is b. are c. were d. have been

　　答案：1 B 2 D 3D 4A

與后接名詞或代詞保持一致

　　1) 用half of， most of， none of， heaps of， lots of， plenty of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常與of后面的名詞/代詞保持一致。例如：

　　Most of his money is spent o books.

　　他大部分的錢化在書上了。

　　Most of the students are taking a active part i sports.

　　大部分學生積極參與體育運動。

　　2）用a portio of， a series of， a pile of， a panel of 等引起主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數。例如：

　　A series of accidents has bee reported.

　　媒體報道了一連串的事故。

　　A pile of lots was set beside the hearth.

　　爐邊有一堆木柴。　

　　3）如 many a 或 more tha one 所修飾的短語作主語時，謂語動詞多用單數形式。但由more tha … of 作主語時，動詞應與其后的名詞或代詞保持一致。例如：

　　Many a perso has read the novel.　

　　許多人讀過這本書。

　　More tha 60 percent of the students are from the city.

　　百分之六十多的學生來自這個城市。

　　1. More tha one worker ______ dismissed.

　　a. have bee b. are 

　　c. has bee d. has

　　2. Many a student ______ the importance of learning a foreig language. 

　　a. have realized 

　　b. has realize 

　　c. have bee realized 

　　d. has bee realized

　　1 C 2 B

謂語需用單數

　　1） 代詞each和由every, some, no, any等構成的復合代詞作主語，或主語中含有each, every, 謂語需用單數。

　　Each of us has a tape-recorder.

　　There is something wrong with my watch.

　　2） 當主語是一本書或一條格言時，謂語動詞常用單數。

　　The Arabia Night is a book know to lovers of English.

　　<<天方夜譚>>是英語愛好者熟悉的一本好書。

　　3） 表示金錢，時間，價格或度量衡的復合名詞作主語 時，通常把這些名詞看作一個整體，謂語一般用單數。(用復數也可，意思不變。)
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.

　　Te yua is enough.

　　

特殊詞

　　1）none ： 在代表可數的東西時總是看作復數 但none 在代表不可數的東西時總是看作單數: 

　　None of the books are easy enough for us 

　　None of us seem to have thought of it. 

　　None (= nobody) has felt it more keenly tha she did. 

　　None of this worries me. 

　　2) one of

　　在“one of + 復數名詞 +關系分句”結構中，關系分句中謂語動詞的單復數形式在一般情況下有兩形式:

　　一是根據先行詞采用復數形式： 
Joa is one of those people who go out of their way to be helpful. 

　　當one 之前友the only 等限定詞和修飾語時，關系分句謂語動詞根據one 而定，即采用單數形式： 
He is the only one of those boys who is willing to take o another assignment.

　　3）有些名詞，如variety, number, populatio , proportio , majority 等有時看作單數，有時看作復數

　　A number of +名詞復數+復數動詞。 

　　The number of +名詞復數+單數動詞。

　　A number of books have lent out.

　　The majority of the students like English.

　　1. Mary is one of the girls who ______ always o time. 

　　a. is b. am c. are d. was

　　2. Tom is the only one of the stall members who ______ to be promoted. 

　　a. is going b. are going

　　c. has bee going d. have bee going

　　3. The majority of doctors ______ smoking is harmful to health. 

　　a. are believed b. had believed

　　c. has believed d. believe

　　答案：1C 2 A 3 D

　　4. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair.

　　a. is b. are 

　　c. were d. be

　　5. The number of articles published o smoking ______ amazing.

　　a. is b. are 

　　c. were d. have been

　　6. None of them ______ my friends.

　　a. is b. are 

　　c. was d. has been

　　4 A 5 A 6 B

　　4) and:

　　A. 當主語由and連接時，假如它表示兩個不同的概念，即指謂語動詞用復數。

　　What I say and what I think are my ow affair.

　　B. 假如它表示一個單一的概念，即指同一人或同一物時，謂語動詞用單數，and 此時連接的兩個詞前只有一個冠詞。

　　Bread and butter was all he asked for.

　　The iro and steel industry is very important to our life.

　　鋼鐵工業對我們的生活有重要意義。

　　C. and連接的兩個單數名詞都有each, every, many a, no等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。

　　1. Early to bed and early to rise ______ a ma healthy, happy and wise.

　　a. making b. to make

　　c. make d. makes

　　2. Getting to other planets or to the moo _____ many problems.

　　a. involve b. involves 

　　c. involving d. to involve

　　3.The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting. 

　　a. is　b. was　c. are　d. were 

　　4. Many a boy and many a girl ____ made such a funny experiment.

　　a. hare b. are c. has d. is

　　答案：1D 2 B 3 B 4 C

主謂一致綜合練習

　　1. A library with 5000 books ____ to the school as a gift.

　　A. is offered B. has offered

　　C. are offered D. have offered

　　2. The United States ____ a wester country. The Phillipines ____ i the Pacific Ocea .

　　A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are

　　3. Every means ____ bee tried to save the boy.

　　A. has B. have C. are D. is

　　4. Mrs Brow as well as her two sisters ____ interested i light music.

　　A. have B. has C. are D. is

　　5. Not one i one hundred childre exposed to the disease ______ likely to develop it.

　　A. should be B. must be C. is D. are

　　答案：1-5 A A A D C 

　　6. A number of the students i our school ____ sent to work i Tibet.

　　A. are B. is C. have D. has

　　7. The professor and writer ____ coming to make a report o Chinese literature.

　　A. is B. are C. has D. have

　　8. Li Ming ____ his brothers and sisters has a hobby of collecting stamps.

　　A. and B. or C. nor D. as well as

　　9. Two hours ____ enough for us.

　　A. are B. have C. is D. has

　　10. O the table ____ two dictionaries, one ope , the other closed.

　　A. lies B. lay C. laid D. lie

　　答案：6-10 AADCD