2011年MBA英語閱讀加強練習資料013

吃藥的時候千萬不要喝果汁

　　Grapefruit, orange and apple juices can harm the body's ability to absorb certain medications and make the drugs less effective, said a Canadian study released last week in the United States.
　　上周在美國發表的一篇加拿大研究報告指出，柚子汁、橙汁、蘋果汁會損害身體吸收某些藥物的功能，從而降低藥物的功效。
　　The research showed that these juices can decrease the effectiveness of certain drugs used to treat heart disease, cancer, organ-transplant rejection and infection, "potentially wiping out their beneficial effects," it said.
　　此研究表明，這些果汁會降低某些治療心臟病、癌癥、以及器官移植排斥和傳染的藥物的效力，并潛在抵消藥物有益的作用。
　　David Bailey, a professor of clinical pharmacology with the University of Western Ontario and leader of the study, was the first researcher to identify grapefruit juice's potential to increase the absorption of certain drugs two decades ago, possibly turning some doses toxic.
　　這次研究的負責人，西安大略大學的臨床藥理學專家大衛.貝利，已于兩十年前證實了柚子汁可能會增加某種藥物的吸收，并可能形成一些有毒的物質。
　　The new findings came as part of his continuing research on the subject, and were presented at the 236th annual meeting of the American Chemical Society on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
　　這個新的發現作為他在這個專題持續研究的一部分，在賓夕法尼亞州費城的美國化學協會第236屆的年會上發表。
　　"Recently, we discovered that grapefruit and these other fruit juices substantially decrease the oral absorption of certain drugs undergoing intestinal uptake transport," AFP quoted Bailey as saying.
　　“最近，我們發現柚子汁和其他果汁大大地減少了某些口服藥物在腸道內攝入轉移的量。”支持貝利的AFP如是說。
　　"The concern is loss of benefit of medications essential for the treatment of serious medical conditions."
　　“真正的擔憂是藥物失去了其對于治療某些嚴重病情的本質療效。”
　　Healthy volunteers took fexofenadine, an antihistamine used to fight allergies, along with either a glass of grapefruit juice, a glass of water with naringin (which gives the bitter taste to grapefruit juice), or plain water.
　　健康的志愿者服用一種治療過敏癥的抗組織胺藥fexofenadine，并分別用一杯柚子汁、泡柚皮甙的水（此種水會使柚子汁的味道更苦）和白開水送服。
　　Those who drank the grapefruit juice absorbed only half the amount of fexofenadine, compared to those who drank plain water.
　　那些用柚子汁送服的對fexofenadine的吸收量僅為那些用純水送服的人的一半。
　　Researchers said the water with naringin served to block "a key drug uptake transporter, called OATP1A2, involved in shuttling drugs from the small intestine to the bloodstream."
　　研究者說，喝了泡有柚皮甙的水會阻礙一種叫做OATP1A2的關鍵的藥物輸送物質，該物質可以幫助藥物從小腸轉移至血液中。
　　Among the drugs affected by consumption of grapefruit, orange and apple juices are: etoposide, an anticancer agent; beta blockers (atenolol, celiprolol, talinolol) used to treat high blood pressure and prevent heart attacks; and certain antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, itraconazole). More drugs were expected to be added to the list as the research continued.
　　受柚子，橙子，和蘋果汁影響的藥物有：抗癌作用劑依托泊苷；用來治療高血壓和防止心臟病發作的β-受體阻滯藥（阿替洛爾，塞替洛爾，他林洛爾）；某些抗生素（環丙沙星，氧氟沙星，伊曲康唑）。隨著研究的進行將會有更多的藥物加入到這個列表中。
　　Bailey said patients should consult with a doctor about taking medications with juice, and stick to plain water when taking most medications.
　　貝利說病人用果汁送服藥物時應咨詢醫生的意見，并且服用大多數藥物時應堅持用白開水送服。