在職攻讀碩士聯考英語必備詞匯虛擬語氣的用法

2009年10月在職攻讀碩士聯考英語必備詞匯虛擬語氣的用法 
1. 動詞wish后接賓語從句時，從句謂語要用虛擬語氣
（1）從句一般過去時/過去進行時（與現在事實相反）
I wish I were you.
I wish I were not so lazy.
（2）從句過去完成時/would have +過去分詞/could have +過去分詞（與過去事實相反）
I wish I had known the answer to the question.
She wished she had stayed at home.
I wish I could have gone with you yesterday.
（3）從句would/could +動詞原形（不太可能實現的愿望）
I wish you would go with us tomorrow.
I wish I could be somebody someday.
(4) 從句的時態只與從句所指的時間有關，而與wish的時態無關
2. would rather后接句子時，句子謂語習慣上要用虛擬語氣
(1) 一般過去時表示現在或將來的愿望
I would rather you had seen the film last night
I’d rather he came tomorrow.
I’d rather you were happy.
(2) 用過去完成時表過去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it.
I’d rather I had never met you.
I’d rather you had finished your work.
2. it’s time that+過去式，表示“（早）該干某事了”
I think it’s time you went to school.
It’s time you washed your hair.
It’s time you went home and had a rest.
It’s time you looked ahead and made plans for your examination.
Time前常有high/about修飾：
It’s high time you bought a new car.
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind.
3. if only 與 I wish一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時態與 wish 后所接時態的情況相同，且if only通常獨立使用，后面沒有主句。
If only the tapes weren’t missing.
If only I had listened to my friends!
If only I were better looking.
4. but for 要不是
But for your help, I couldn’t pass the examination.
But for my friend’s assistance, I couldn’t go through the difficult times.
5. without… 沒有…的話
Without air, neither animal nor plant would live.
Without your help, I would never overcome the difficulties.
6. lest (以免，唯恐)， for fear that (以免，唯恐)
Hide it lest he see it.
He takes an umbrella for fear that it (should) rain.
She is working hard for fear (that) she should lag behind others. 
7. as if (as though)引導的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣
(1) 表示與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時
He speaks as if he knew everything about the accident.
They treat me as though I were a stranger.
My mother is always talking as if she were a doctor of medicine.
(2) 表示與過去事實相反，用過去完成時
He talks as if he had been abroad.
You seem as if you had done all that you should have.
(3) 表示將來的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+動詞原形
Exercise:
1. —What courses are you going to do next term?
—I don’t know. But it’s about time ________ on something.
A. I’m deciding                          B. I decided     
C. I decide                                D. I’d decide 
2. Robert wishes that he ________ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied                                  B. studies         
C. has studied                            D. had studied
3. Without electricity human life ________ quite different today.
A. will be                                  B. is                
C. would have been                   D. would be
4. If he had not gone out in the storm, he ________ alive now.
A is                                           B. would be     
C. would have been                   D. will be
5. If only I ________ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.
A. had known                            B. should know
C. would know                         D. knew 
6. But for the party, he ________ of hunger fifteen years ago.
A. would have died                   B. must die
C. must have died                     D. would die    
7. Wang Ling, one of my friends, is very good at English. He speaks English as if he ________ an Englishman.
A. were                                     B. would be     
C. had been                               D. have been 
8. ________ more careful, his ship would not have sunk.
A. Should the captain be           B. Had the captain been
C. If the captain were               D. If the captain would have been
9. Were it not for the snowy weather, we ________ all right.
A. would be                                B. would have been  
C. may be　                              D. were
10.  He is working hard for fear that he ___.
A. failed                                  B. fails 
C. would fail                            D. fail
The answer: 1-5 BDDBD    6-10 AABAD