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四、非謂語動詞常見錯誤設置及答題思路
[常見錯誤]
1.該用不定式作賓語而錯用了動名詞, 或反之。
2.該用不定式完成式而錯用了一般式。
3.該用不定式或動名詞被動態而錯用了主動態。
4.該用過去分詞而錯用了現在分詞。
5.分詞放在句首時, 其邏輯主語與句子主語不一致, 構成垂懸分詞的錯誤。
例句:
Not too many (A) years ago (B) , my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (C) jogging in public (D) .
(答案:C to be seen, 與she是受動關系)
You will (A) almost always find (B) Caroline playing (C) a video game because she enjoys to be challenged (D) .
(答案:D being challenged, enjoy要求動名詞作賓語)
When the tank car carried (A) the poisonous gas ran off (B) the rails, the firemen tried to isolate the village from (C) all traffic (D) .
(答案:A carrying, 與邏輯主語car為施動關系, 即"車載著…")
People cannot but (A) feel puzzling (B) , for they simply cannot (C) understand how he could have made (D) such a stupid mistake.
(答案:B puzzled, 過去分詞表示承受動作后所處的狀態)
Mr.Jankin regretted to blame (A) his secretary for (B) the mistake, for (C) he later discovered (D) it was his own fault.
(答案:A having blamed, 此處regret要求接動名詞, 其完成式表明blame發生在regret之前)
When I consider how talented he is (A) as a painter (B) , I cannot help but believing (C) that the public (D) will appreciate his gift.
(答案:C believe, 習慣用法cannot help but do)
The bank is reported (A) in the (B) local newspaper to be robbed (C) in broad (D) daylight yesterday.
(答案:C to have been robbed, yesterday是修飾不定式的, 用完成式表示動作已發生)
Using (A) English as a tool, some data (B) may be collected (C) for (D) the research work.
(答案:A 可以考慮改為If we use, 全句最好改為If we use English as a tool, we can collect some data for the research work.句子的主語data不可能作分詞using的邏輯主語)
[辨錯思路]
1.首先要分辨動詞的謂語形式與非謂語形式。如果題句中有兩個動詞形式劃有橫線, 考生要分析句子的結構和語義, 判斷出哪個是謂語, 哪個是非謂語, 因為一個簡單句或分句中不可能出現兩個彼此間無連詞連接的謂語。
2.在判定某個動詞形式應為非謂語后, 要辨別其應當是不定式, 還是-ing形式或-ed分詞。
3.在確定某一非謂語形式后, 還要審查其時態語態是否有誤;一般說來, 已經發生了的動作用完成式, 與邏輯主語的關系是受動, 用被動態或過去分詞。
4.注意非謂語動詞的否定式是將否定詞置于非謂語動詞之前;據此判斷否定詞的位置是否有誤。
5.觀察分析句中的時間狀語是修飾謂語動詞, 還是修飾非謂語動詞, 如果是后者, 辨其時態是否有誤。
6.不定式和分詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語, 否則不定式的邏輯主語應視情況用for, of引導, 分詞應有自己的邏輯主語, 據此判斷是否存在垂懸分詞的錯誤。
[改錯要領]
1.注意動詞的不同接續要求。下列動詞要求接不定式作賓語:
afford, agree, attempt, decide, fail, manage, expect, intend, hope, mean, plan, promise, refuse, tend, pretend, ask, claim, offer, determine, arrange.
2.熟記下列動詞要求接動名詞作賓語:
acknowledge, admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, hate, deny, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, favour, finish, include, resent, keep, mind, miss, postpone, practise, resist, stand, risk.
3.掌握某些動詞不同接續要求的不同含義:
forget to do sth. 忘記了去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘記已做了某事
remember to do sth. 記住要去做某事
remember doing sth.記住了已做某事
stop to do sth.停下去做某事
stop doing sth. 停下在做的某事
regret to tell(say, announce)sb. 遺憾地告訴某人…
regret doing sth. 對已做了的事表示后悔、遺憾
try to do sth. 試圖去做某事
try doing sth. 試著做了某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing 意味著…
4.注意下列短語中的to是介詞, 后面應接動名詞:
object to, resort to, react to, contribute to, look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be committed to, be exposed to, be devoted to, be dedicated to, be opposed to, be contrary to, with regard to, with a view to, as to, in contrast to
5.注意下列后接動名詞的習慣用法:
① It?s no use doing…但是:It?s of no use to do …
good
picnic
fun
② It is useless doing…
senseless
nuisance
worthwhile
③ There is no use(in)doing…
point
sense
harm
④ have difficulty doing…
trouble
problem
⑤ have a good time doing…
hard
difficult
⑥ spend(time)
wastedoing…
⑦ be worth doing…
busy
⑧ feel like doing…
⑨ can′t help doing…
6.下列習慣用語中都帶有but, 后面都接不帶to的不定式:
can not help but do…
can not but do…
can do nothing but do…
can not choose but do…
can not do anything but do…
但是:have nochoice but to do …
alternative
7.下列動詞、介詞后接動名詞具有主動形式、被動含義, 注意不要再用動名詞被動態:
sth. be worth doing 比較:It′s worthwhile doing sth.
past
beyond
sth. need doing
want
require
demand
bear
deserve
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