六、倒裝結構常見錯誤設置及答題思路 [常見錯誤]
1.虛擬語氣條件從句省略了連詞if, 主謂應倒裝而未倒裝。
2.句中含有要求必須倒裝的詞或句型, 句子卻用正常語序。
3.有的已倒裝結構中采用助動詞前置后, 動詞沒有作相應變化。
4.在no matter how, however和how引導的狀語從句中其后的形容詞、副詞沒有隨其移置主謂語之前而產生倒裝。
5.在the more引導的比較從句中, 其所修飾的名詞沒有隨之移置主謂語之前而產生倒裝。
6.疑問詞引導的名詞從句不應倒裝而倒裝。
例句:
There is a real possibility (A) that (B) these animals could (C) be frightened, there should (D) be a loud moise.
(答案:D should there, 虛擬條件句省略if)
Suddenly, Gallup′s name was on everyone′s lips (A) ;not only he was (B) the prophet of the moment, but (C) it was generally believed that he had founded a new (D) and most important method of prediction.(1996年考題)
(答案:B was he, not only置于分句首, 謂語動詞應倒裝)
Little did we expected (A) that he would (B) fulfil (C) his task so rapidly (D) .
(答案:A expect, 前面已有助動詞did)
Many people take it (A) for granted (B) that the more one has children (C) , the more secure one′s late years (D) will be.
(答案:C children one has, the more…the more結構)
However (A) he tried hard (B) , he still (C) failed in (D) the entrance exam.
(答案:B 移至however之后)
Why should he (A) have gone (B) to the free trade zone I don′t know;but he did go (C) , remaining (D) away the whole day.
(答案:A he should, 疑問詞引導名詞性從句)
[辨錯思路]
1.如果兩個句子之間沒有連接詞而使其構成并列或從屬結構, 就要分析一下其中之一是否是省略了if采用倒裝的虛擬條件句。
2.如果試題句子起首部分出現了某些要求倒裝結構的詞語, 則應進一步觀察句內結構是否已按規則調整。
3.切記however, no matter how, more幾個詞的共性是修飾語, 必須放在所修飾的詞前面, 決不能將它們與所修飾的詞分開。
4.以wh-開頭的句子不都是疑問句(可以通過標點符號判斷), 而恰恰更多的是名詞性從句, 語序應為陳述句語序。
5.注意觀察已倒裝結構中謂語動詞在人稱、數上是否與主語一致, 時態是否與句子所提供的時間概念吻合。
[改錯要領]
熟悉下列出現在句首、要求句子結構倒裝的詞和句型是做好此類試題的關鍵。
1.以否定詞和具有否定意義的詞組開頭的句子:
no, not, neither, nor, never, nowhere;
little, seldom, barely, hardly, scarcely, rarely;
no longer, no less, no more, no sooner…than;
not until, even less, not once, not only…;
under no circumtances, in no way, by no means, invain, on no account, at no time, at hardly any place.
2.以only+狀語(副詞、介詞短語、從句)起首的句子:
only then, only at that time, only once…;
only in this way, only with…, only through…, only by…;
only when…, only after….only because….
3.以某些程度副詞開頭的句子:often, so, well.
4.以such或短語開頭的句子:to such a degree, to such an extent, to such extremes, to such a point, etc.
5.以as引導讓步狀語從句時, 從句中狀語或表語要放在as前。
6.某些表示方向、位置的副詞開頭的句子, 主謂要全部顛倒:out, down, up, in, ….
結束
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