在職碩士英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：時(shí)態(tài)要點(diǎn)分析

英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)很多，限于篇幅，我們只就一些需要特別注意的，考試中常常出現(xiàn)的時(shí)態(tài)加以歸納。

（一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

1. 表示自然現(xiàn)象與普遍真理。
The Sun rises in the east.
Actions speak louder than words. 行動(dòng)勝于語(yǔ)言。

2. 在時(shí)間、條件從句中表將來(lái)。
I’ll tell him when he comes.
They will do it if they are not very busy tomorrow.
注意：如果if從句表示一種愿望時(shí)，可用will+動(dòng)詞原形，will相當(dāng)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
If you will be quiet, I’ll tell you what happened.

（二）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

1. 動(dòng)詞go, come, leave, stay, start, do, begin, arrive等動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)表示一個(gè)最近計(jì)劃和安排要做的事。多用于口語(yǔ)。
What are you doing next Saturday?
You may catch the Golden Queen which is sailing to Brazil this afternoon.
你可以乘坐金皇后號(hào)，這艘船今天下午將駛往巴西。

2. 進(jìn)行時(shí)與always, constantly, forever等詞連用表示感情色彩。
He is continuously finding fault with me. 他不斷地挑我的毛病。
These kinds of persons are always doing things like that. 這種人經(jīng)常那么干。
3. 在由while引起的狀語(yǔ)從句中，動(dòng)詞要用進(jìn)行時(shí)。
While you are resting, I’ll read you today’s news.
While I was having my breakfast the morning post came.

（三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1. 在時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)代替將來(lái)完成時(shí)。
I’ll give this dictionary to you as soon as I have finished reading it.
If you have done the experiment, you will realize how difficult the theory is.

2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可用于下列句型：
This /That /It is the first … that …
This /That /It is the best … that …
This /That /It is the only … that …
This is the first time that I have played table tennis.
It is the only party that I’ve ever really enjoyed in my life.
That is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.

3. 無(wú)論since作介詞還是連詞，句子應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。
Great changes have taken place since the reform and opening to the world.
I haven’t seen her since I last saw her.

4. 當(dāng)since, before作副詞用置于句末時(shí)，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)。
I haven’t studied English before.
We haven’t met each other since.

5. 在it is … since結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句的謂語(yǔ)通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，也可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但從句通常為終止性動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)。
It’s a long time since I saw you last time.
It is four years since Tom left school.

6. 終止性動(dòng)詞appear, begin, set up, buy, die, join, start, come, fall, finish, leave, lend, sell, lose, stop, etc.的完成時(shí)不能與for連用。
不能說(shuō)：He has got up for 2 hours.
只能說(shuō)：He got up 2 hours ago.
He has been up for 2 hours.
It is 2 hours since he got up.
7. by + 將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)，by + 現(xiàn)在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
By this time next year we’ll have graduated.
By now I have seen the film three times.

（四）過(guò)去完成時(shí)
1. by + 過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
By last year I had learned 2000 English words.

2. 在no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when, barely … when等句型中，主句中的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去時(shí)。
No sooner had we got all the crops in than it began to rain.
She had hardly finished his speech when the audience started cheering.