在職碩士英語復習：一致關系要點分析

一致關系包括主語與謂語，代詞與所指代的名詞必須在人稱、數、性等方面保持一致。

（一）主謂一致
主謂一致指的是謂語動詞必須和主語保持一致，現將開始中經常出現的幾種主謂一致情況歸納如下。
1．在名詞/代詞+介詞短語作主語中，謂語動詞的單復數不受這些短語的影響。
together with              along with               as well as               accompanied by
no less than                rather than              more than               as much as

She as well as the other students has learned how to install this electric equipment.她和其他同學一樣，也學會了如何安裝這種電器設備。
She, as much as her parents, was responsible for the matter.
The boy, more than anyone else, is fatter.
My license rather than my credit cards was lost.

2．在one+in/of/out of等引導的結構中，一般采用語法一致原則，動詞用單數。
One of the most interesting stories was told by a boy of eight.
One out of ten is certainly wrong.

3．在one of +復數名詞+定語從句中，常采用就近一致原則，除非one前有 the only/ exactly/ very等副詞。
She is one of the best students who have been praised.
He is the only one of the men who knows her.
4．由each… and…., every… and…, each… and…each…, every… and every…作主語時，動詞用單數。
Every man and (every) woman in the village is a faithful supporter of the economic reform. 這個村的每一個男女村民都是經濟改革的忠實支持者。

5．表示時間、距離、重量、金錢或計量的復數名詞，當句子的意思是指總數時，動詞用單數。
Three pints isn’t enough for me to drink.
Four thousand pounds is a large sum. (Thousands of/millions of …. +   復數動詞)

6．a lot of (lots of), the majority of + 單數名詞，動詞用單數，接復數名詞，動詞用復數。
A lot of money has been saved up.
Lots of problems are caused by unemployment.
The majority of the damage is easier to repair.
The majority of people believe smoking is harmful to health.
7．a large quantity of + 單數名詞+單數動詞
a large quantity of + 復數名詞+復數動詞
但great/large/huge/quantities of + 不可數名詞+復數動詞
Quantities of food were on the table.
There is only a small quantity of money left.

8．Many a … 或more than one + 單數名詞+單數動詞(many a… and many a…; every… and every …; each …and each… + 單數動詞)
There is more than one possible explanation.
Many a plant and many an animal has been divided.
During the Second World War, every man and every woman and every child in that village was killed by Japanese soldiers. 在第二次世界大戰時期，這村子里的男女老少全被日本鬼子殺害了。
9．half of/rest of/plenty of + 單數名詞或不可數名詞+單數動詞，而后如為復數名詞則動詞為復數動詞形式。
Half of our work has been finished.
Half of the books are English novels.

10．a portion of, a series of, a flock of, a herd of, a school of等，謂語動詞用單數。
A flock of sheep is on the hillside.
A portion of the manuscript is illegible. 這手稿的一部分不易辯讀。
There are plenty of natural resources waiting to be explored
11．某些集體名詞如：cattle, clergy, police, militia, poultry等后面的謂語動詞用復數。
These cattle are from Holland.
The clergy are opposed to the plan.

12．English, Chinese, French等指語言時，謂語用單數；指人民時，謂語用復數。
English is very difficult to learn.
The Chinese are very hospitable. 中國人十分好客。
13．在一些固定的習語中and具有with的意義，兩個名詞表示一個概念。其中，后面的名詞不用冠詞。在這種情況下，謂語動詞用單數。
the bread brad and butter 奶油面包
cart and horse 車馬
a needle and threat 一根穿有線的針
a watch and chain 一只帶有鏈條的手表
water and salt 鹽開水
the wheel and axle 輪軸
ham and egg 火腿蛋

14．非謂語動詞（不定式，動名詞）、名詞從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
Seeing is believing.
What can be done has been done.
注意：在以what 引導的從句為主語的結構中，如果主語補語是復數，謂語動詞可采用單數或復數；但當what從句的主語補語和謂語動詞均為復數形式時，主句的謂語動詞采用復數形式。如：
What appear to be large windows in the second story are glass heat collectors.
15．audience, class, committee, company, crew, crowd, government, family, public, team, jury等名詞著重指整體謂語動詞用單數；強調成員時用復數。
The football team is playing well.
The football team are having baths.

16．machinery, poetry, scenery, population, jewelry, merchandize等謂語動詞用單數。
There is a large population in this country.
The machinery is driven by electricity.

（二）代詞一致

1．代詞一致是指句子中的代詞與相應的限定詞在數、性、格等方面保持一致，或者與它相應的名詞保持一致。
One must remember to remain very still when one/he /she attends a concert.
2．當名稱的性無法確定時，陰性與陽性都可使用。
An average student with average intelligence can be a top student if he/she plans his/her time carefully.
中等智力水平的學生只要仔細安排他（她）的時間也能成為優等生。
3．國家、船只等名詞常被看作陰性，因此可以用she, her代替。
China will resolutely and unansweringly carry out her current economic reform.
中國堅定不移地進行當前的經濟改革。

4．不定代詞作主語，代詞一般按語法一致原則，用單數。
each                     neither                      one              everyone                    everybody
no one                  anybody                   someone      somebody                  everything
anything                something                 nothing         either      every

4．在非正式文體或附加疑問句中，當主語是everyone, somebody, nobody時，代詞用they. 也可用he.
Everyone knows what they have to do, don’t they?
No one was hurt, were they?
Everyone knows his job, doesn’t he?

但若用everything, anything, something, nothing 作主語時, 在附加疑問句中，代詞通常用it.
Something should be done, shouldn’t it?
Nothing will be damaged during the vocation, won’t it?