特殊同位語(yǔ)歸納

    當(dāng)兩個(gè)詞或詞組在一個(gè)句子中具有相同的語(yǔ)法地位而且描述相同的人或事物
時(shí)，我們稱它們?yōu)橥�位語(yǔ)。基本形式的同位語(yǔ)大家一般不會(huì)出錯(cuò)，但有幾種同位
語(yǔ)，或由于身本結(jié)構(gòu)特殊，或由于它修飾的成分結(jié)構(gòu)比較特殊，往往會(huì)引起誤解。
現(xiàn)小結(jié)并舉例說(shuō)明如下，希望引起同學(xué)們的注意。

    1.代詞we， us ， you等后接同位語(yǔ)

    Are you two reading ？你們二人在看書(shū)嗎？

    They three joined the school team.他們3 人參加了校隊(duì)。

    She has great concern for us students.她對(duì)我們學(xué)生很關(guān)心。

    He asked you boys to be quiet.他要你們男孩子安靜些。

    We girls often go to the movies together. 我們女孩子經(jīng)常一起去看電
影。

    2.不定式用作同位語(yǔ)

    Soon came the order to start the general attack.很快下達(dá)了發(fā)起總攻
的命令。（to start the general attack 與the order 同位）

    He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I
picked him up.他照吩咐沿某一條街走，我在那里接他上了車(chē)。（to walk along
…與the instruction 同位）

    3. -ing 分詞用作同位語(yǔ)

    He's getting a job tonight driving a truck. 他今晚得到一個(gè)開(kāi)卡車(chē)的
差事。（driving a track 與a job 同位）

    She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts.她在一家洗衣店得到一個(gè)
熨衣服的職位。（ironing shirts與a place 同位）

    The first plan， attacking at night ， was turned down. 第一個(gè)計(jì)劃
是夜襲，被拒絕了。（attacking at night與the first plan同位）

    4.形容詞用作同位語(yǔ)

    The current affair， the biggest in its history ， is being held in
Guangzhou.目前的交易會(huì)，是有史以來(lái)規(guī)模最大的，正在廣州舉行。

    He read all kinds of books， ancient and modern ， Chinese and foreign.
他讀了很多書(shū)，古今中外都有。

    People， old and young， took to the streets to watch the parade.
老老少少的人都來(lái)到街頭觀看游行。

    「注」這類同位語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)比較接近，可轉(zhuǎn)換成定語(yǔ)從句。如：

    The current affair， the biggest in its history ， is being held in
Guangzhou.

    =The current affair ， which is the biggest in its history， is being
held in Guangzhou.

    5. none of us 之類的結(jié)構(gòu)用作同位語(yǔ)

    We none of us said anything.我們誰(shuí)也沒(méi)說(shuō)話。

    We have none of us large appetites. 我們誰(shuí)飯量都不大。

    They neither of them wanted to go.他們兩人都不想去。

    They've neither of them succeeded in winning her confidence.他們兩
人誰(shuí)也沒(méi)能贏得她的信任。

    「注」同位語(yǔ)并不影響其后句子謂語(yǔ)的“數(shù)”，如：

    學(xué)生每人都有一本詞典。

    正：The students each have a dictionary.

    誤：The students each has a dictionary.

    請(qǐng)比較下面一句（謂語(yǔ)用了單數(shù)，因?yàn)閑ach為句子主語(yǔ)）：

    正：Each of the students has a dictionary.

    6.從句用作同位語(yǔ)（即同位語(yǔ)從句）

    They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他們?yōu)槟闵�病發(fā)
愁。

    I received a message that she would be late.我得到的信息說(shuō)她可能晚
到。

    The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放
假的消息不實(shí)。

    The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可
以不動(dòng)腦筋做此工作的想法是錯(cuò)誤的。