Brazil has become one. of the developing world's great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design.While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better results without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

　　Brazil's population growth rate dropped from 2.99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93% a year between 198 land 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average.Martine saysthis figure may have fallen still further since 1990,an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

　　Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (肥皂劇) and installment (分期付款) plansintroduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

　　Although they have never really tried to work in a message towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values: not many children, women working, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious (有意識的) of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attrac??tive package.

　　Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. " This led to an enormous change in consumption (消費) patterns and consumption was incompatible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Martine.

　　29. According to the passage, Brazil has lowered its population growth ________.
　　A. by educating its citizens              B. by careful family planning
　　C. by developing TV programmes            D. by chance

　　30. According to the passage, many Third World countries
　　A. haven't given much attention to birth control
　　B. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate
　　C. haven't yet found an effective measure to control their population
　　D. haven't realized the importance of TV plays in family planning

　　31. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil's birth rate be??cause ________.
　　A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TV
　　B. they have gradually changed people's way of life
　　C. people are drawn to their attractive package
　　D. they popularize birth control measures

　　32. What is Martine's conclusion about Brazil's population growth?
　　A. The increase in birth rate will increase consumption.
　　B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.
　　C. Consumption goes with reproduction.
　　D. A country's production is limited by its population growth.

　　答案與詳解：

　　29. D 細節題。由第一段第一句... more by accident than design可知。

　　30. C 細節題。由倒數第二段的最后一句我們可知。

　　31. B 細節題。由倒數第二段的they describe middle and upper class values：not many children，women working可知：這些肥皂劇使得人們改變了生活觀念，也紛紛效仿上流社會的人們，少生孩子，婦女參加工作。

　　32. B 細節題。Marine給比利時的人口增長的緩慢總結了兩條：肥皂劇與分期付款計劃。分期付款計劃就是指人們的消費欲望。

　　本文闡述了三種不同的人生態度。