2009最完整的高考語(yǔ)法終極解析－冠詞

用法

典型例句

1、與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用，表示類別。

--- I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard.

--- You shouldn’t put drinks near a computer. (2006 北京)

2、泛指某人或某物， 表示"某一個(gè)"，相當(dāng)于a certain。

--- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? (2006 全國(guó)1)

--- Sorry, wrong number. There isn't a Mr. Smith here. 

3、用于數(shù)量、時(shí)間等名詞前，表示“每一（單位）的……”相當(dāng)于per。

I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. (2003上海)

4、用于固定詞組中。

a knowledge of ,  have a gift for , give sb. a ride, a couple of, have a good time, keep a diary, in a hurry, once in a while, at a loss, tell a lie, do sb. a favor

用法

典型例句

1、用來(lái)特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名詞常被短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句所修飾。

Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my father’s advice was the most important one.（2006 遼寧）

2、指說(shuō)話的雙方都知道的人或事物。

Don’t worry if you can’t come to the party. I’ll save some cake for you.  （2006 浙江）

3、復(fù)述上文中提到的事物。

There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new.

4、用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示該類事物，相當(dāng)于a。

When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat.  （04全國(guó)I）

5、序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前。

比較級(jí)前若表示特指時(shí)也要用定冠詞the。

The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. (02上海春季)

I want to chat with the taller of the two men.

6、在表示方位、樂(lè)器的名詞前。

Summer in the south of France is for the most part dry and sunny. (2000 北京春季)

play the piano, play the violin

7、用于復(fù)數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。

the Smiths

8、表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二事物的名詞前。

the sun; the moon; the earth; the world

9、用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞、江河、山脈、湖泊、海洋、群島、海峽、海灣運(yùn)河及某些建筑物等名稱前。

According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS.   (2006 全國(guó)II )

After dinner he gave Mr. Richardson a ride to the Capital Airport. （05安徽）

10、在某些形容詞之前，可表示某一類人。

the rich; the poor; the old; the wounded, the living, the dead

用法

典型例句

1、人名、地名（街名、廣場(chǎng)名、公園名）、大學(xué)名、國(guó)名、病名前。

Wang Fu Jing Street     Pei Hai Park北海公園  

Beijing University 但也可說(shuō)the University of Beijing

2、抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。

When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life.   （04遼寧）

3、物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí)，一般不用冠詞。

The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.（2001全國(guó)）

4、表示職位或頭銜的抽象名詞前，常不用冠詞。但表示具體的人時(shí)，加the。

We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory.

類似的名詞還有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等

5、表示季節(jié)、月份、星期幾、節(jié)、假日等表示時(shí)間的名稱前，不用冠詞。但我國(guó)的陰歷節(jié)前要用the。

Children’s Day; Women’s Day; May Day

the Spring Festival

6、三餐、學(xué)科名稱、球類活動(dòng)和棋類游戲的名稱前，不用冠詞。

play basketball; play chess

7、man作“人類”講時(shí)，同human, mankind 一樣不用冠詞。

While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed man’s understanding of color.  （04廣東）

8、by與表示“通信、交通”的詞連用，表示通信,交通手段時(shí)，不用冠詞。

If you go by train, you can have quite a comfortable journey, but make sure you get a fast one.  （05全國(guó)III）

9、復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞泛指類別。

It is often said that teachers have a very easy life.  ( 05北京)

10、有些名詞與介詞搭配表示抽象意義，不加冠詞，常作狀語(yǔ)。

His daughter is always shy in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public.(2001上海)

in surprise (wonder, danger, tears, comfort ), in love with, under pressure, beyond expression等