成人英語三級考試復習指導:高分語法(7)
來源:育路教育網(wǎng)發(fā)布時間:2011-09-21
注意1:by之后如果接的是動名詞,則表示方式、手段,不能視為被動式的標志,且此時謂語應用主動式,如:He passed the exam by cheating.
注意2:對于know來講,一般用be known to 而不用be know by強調句中it作形式主語可以替代任何被強調的部分基本模式:It + be + 強調對象 + who/ whom/that + 句子其余部分
如:It was only you who cared for me. (強調主語)
It is his sister whom /that I have fallen in love with. (強調賓語)
It was under the tree that she found her missing purse. (強調地點狀語)
It was last week that I attended an art exhibit for the first time. (強狀語)
It was not until he broke my favorite vase that I flew into rages. (強調狀語從句)
注意:強調的對象是人時,可用who, whom或that, 其余情況一律用that; 當強調對象在從句中做主語時用who/that, 當強調對象在從句中做賓語時用whom/that.
虛擬語氣
此章內容在TOEFL考點中處于相對次要地位,但在英文中是比較活躍的用法,必須對其有所了解, 這樣對讀題非常有幫助虛擬語氣是英文中一特殊的語言現(xiàn)象,主要用于表達與事實相反的陳述,常表達強烈愿望、遺憾、感慨、后悔、責備、規(guī)勸等語義,可大致分為三類
一、對現(xiàn)在事實的虛擬基本形式:If + were /did等過去式…, …would /could /should /might + do
例如:If I were a bird, I would fly to the moon.
(事實上,I‘m not a bird, so I will not fly to the moon.)
If she knew who you are, she would go out of joy.
事實上,She doesn‘t know, so she still feels joyous.)
二、對過去事實的虛擬
基本形式:If + had done…, …would /could / should /might + have done
例如:If she had been warned earlier, she wouldn‘t have broken the rules.
(事實上:She was not warned earlier and she broke the rules.)
If it hadn‘t rained, the match would have seemed more fascinating.
(事實上:It rained and the match was less fascinating.)
此種虛擬可進行倒裝,如:
Had the letter been sent out, it would have ruined our friendship.= If the letter had been sent out,
it would have ruined our friendship.
三、對將來事實的虛擬基本形式:
If + should do…, …would /could /should /might + do; 意思類似漢語中的“萬一”
例如:If he should forget the date, I might teach him a good lesson.
(事實上:他不大可能忘記那個日期)
If it should snow this afternoon, we could make a snowman.
(事實上不大可能會下雪)
此種虛擬可倒裝,如:Should my car fail, I would have to return home on foot.= If my car should fail,
I would have to return home on foot.
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