一、限制性定語從句
1. 前置法
譯成帶“的”的定語詞組，放在被修飾詞之前，變為單句：
The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.
在他手下工作的人對他怕得要死。
2. 后置法
如果從句結構復雜，譯成漢語前置定語顯得太長而不符合漢語表達習慣時，往往譯成后置的并列分句。
1) 譯成并列分句，重復英語先行詞：
They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.
他們正在為實現一個理想而努力，這個理想是每個中國人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國人曾為了這個理想而犧牲了自己的生命。
2）譯成并列句，省略英語先行詞：
It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.
是他接到那封信，說你的叔叔去世了。
3、溶合法
1）溶合法是指把原句中的主語和定語從句溶合到一起譯成一個獨立的句子的翻譯方法。它較適用于翻譯限制性定語從句，如“There be…”結構形式；
There are many people who want to see film.
許多人要看這部電影。
There is a man downstairs who wants to see you .
樓下有人要見你。
在定語復合句中，將英語主句壓縮成漢語詞組做主語，而把定語從句譯成謂語，溶合成一個句子：
This is a nation that must beg to stay alive.
這個國家不討飯就活不下去。 二、非限制性定語從句
1、前置法
一些較短而具有描寫性的英語非限制性定語從句，可譯成帶“的”的前置定語：
The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendour.
那個整天躲在云層里的太陽，現在又光芒四射地露面了。
He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant.
他喜歡熱情愉快的妹妹，而不喜歡冷漠高傲的哥哥。
2、后置法
1）譯成并列分句
定語從句后置，重復英語關系詞所代表的含義：
I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.
我把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的弟弟。
定語從句后置，省略關系詞所代表的含義：
After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks,which continued well into the night.
飯后，四個主要談判人物繼續進行會談。一直談到深夜。
定語從句前置，重復關系詞所代表的含義：
World War ll was, however, more complete that World War l，which was a collision among the imperialist powers over the spoils of markets, resources and territories.
第一次世界大戰是帝國主義列強之間爭奪市場、資源和領土的沖突是，而第二次世界戰卻比第一次復雜。
2）譯成獨立句
One was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective.
有一次是暴風驟雨，猛烈的程度實為我生平所僅見。這陣暴風雨遮住了我的目標。
三、兼有狀語特點的定語從句
有的定語從句，意義上有狀語特點，說明原因、結果、目的、讓步、假設等關系，可相應地譯成狀語從句。 1、譯成表“因”分句
We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many rays of light than our eyes, can see clearly at night.
我們知道由于貓的眼睛比我們人的眼睛吸收更多的光線，所以貓在黑夜也能看很清楚。
2、譯成表“果”分句
There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.
這個方案富于創造性，獨出心裁，很有魄力，所以使他們都喜歡。
3、譯成表“讓步”的分句
He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.
他堅持要再造一棟房子，盡管他并無此需要。
4、譯成表“目的”的分句
I have not given up my efforts to get a passport that will enable me to visit that country.
我沒有放棄努力來爭取一張護照，以便訪問那個國家。
5、譯成表“條件”、“假設”的分句
Men become desperate for work, any work which will help them to keep alive their families.
人們極其迫切要求工作，不管什么工作，只要它能維持一家人的生活就行。
He would be a short –sighted commander who did not look beyond his fortress.
誰如果不往城堡之外的遠處看，那他就是一個目光短淺的指揮員。 |
