2009年考研英語歷年真題閱讀理解精讀筆記(四)

      TEXT 2

      For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called “Ask Marilyn.”People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228—the highest score ever recorded.IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks.So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as.What’s the difference between love and fondness?Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

      Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test.Just what does it mean to be smart?How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

      The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be.The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford�睟inet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales（both come in adult and children’s version）.Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and World Wide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100.Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

      Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg.In his article “How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low�瞫tress conditions, but under high�瞫tress conditions，IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test�瞭aking skill also matters, whether it’s knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

      26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

      ［A］Answering philosophical questions.

      ［B］Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

      ［C］Telling the differences between certain concepts.

      ［D］Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

      27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3?

      ［A］People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

      ［B］More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

      ［C］The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

      ［D］Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

      28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant’s because

      ［A］the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

      ［B］creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

      ［C］vos Savant’s case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

      ［D］ the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

      29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that

      ［A］test scores may not be reliable indicators of one’s ability.

      ［B］IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

      ［C］testing involves a lot of guesswork.

      ［D］traditional tests are out of date.

      30. What is the author’s attitude towards IQ tests?

      ［A］Supportive.    ［B］Skeptical.    ［C］Impartial. ［D］Biased.

      ability15［E5biliti］n.①能力，智能；②才能，才干

      achieve12［E5tFi:v］v.①完成，實現；②達到，達成，獲得

      analogy2［E5nAlEdVi］n.比擬，類比

      analytical1［7AnE5litikEl］   a.分析的，分解的

      argue19［5B:gju:］v.①爭論，辯論；②認為，主張，論證；③說服

      aspect8［5Aspekt］n.①樣子，外表，面貌；②（問題等的）方面

      assess4［E5ses］v.估價，評價

      attitude14［5Atitju:d］   n.①（to，towards）態度，看法；②姿勢

      author69［5C:WE］n.①作者；②創始人

      available18［E5veilEbl］a.①可用的，可得到的；②可以見到的，隨時可來的

      average17［5AvEridV］n.平均（數）；a.①平均的；②普通的，一般的；v.平均，均分

      bias7［5baiEs］n./v.（使有）偏見，偏心，偏袒

      capacity8［kE5pAsiti］n.①容量，容積；②能量，能力；③接受力；④生產力

      capture4［5kAptFE］n.捕獲，俘虜；v.①吸引（注意）；②記錄；③俘虜

      characteristic8［7kAriktE5ristik］a.（of）特有的，獨特的；n.特征，特性

      coincidence2［kEu5insidEns］n.①巧合，巧事；②一致，符合

      column2［5kClEm］n.①圓柱，柱狀物；②列；③（報刊中的）專欄

      component4［kEm5pEunEnt］n.①組成部分；②成分；③部件；a.組成的，合成的

      concept15［5kCnsept］n.概念，觀念，思想

      conclude5［kEn5klu:d］v.①結束，終結；②斷定，下結論；③締結，議定

      confuse9［kEn5fju:z］v.使混亂，混淆

      critical7［5kritikEl］a.①批評的，評論的；②危急的，緊要的；③臨界的；④重要的，關鍵的

      deduce2［di5dju:s］v.（from）演繹，推斷

      define7［di5fain］v.①給…下定義；②限定，規定；③解釋，闡述

      element5［5elimEnt］n.①元素；②組成部分；③人員，分子

      emphasize6［5emfEsaiz］v.強調

      extreme4［iks5tri:m］a.①末端的，盡頭的；②極度的，極端的；n.①極端；②最大程度；③極度（狀態）

      feature9［5fi:tFE］n.①特征，特色；②（報紙或雜志）特寫；③容貌，面貌；v.給顯著地位

      field5［fi:ld］n.①田，田野；②場地；③專業，領域；④實地；野外

      figure10［5figE］n.①體形；②數字；③圖形；④人物；v.（out）算出，估計，推測

      format1［5fC:mAt］n.設計，安排，樣式；v.使格式化

      genetic2［dVi5netik］a.遺傳的，起源的

      graduate3［5grAdjueit］n.（大學）畢業生，獲（學士）學位者；v.①（使）（大學）畢業；②獲學位；a.①畢了業的；②研究生的

      graph2［grB:f］n.圖表，曲線圖

      infer21［in5fE:］v.推論，推斷

      intelligence13［in5telidVEns］n.①智力，聰明；②理解力；③情報，消息，報導

      intelligent4［in5telidVEnt］a.聰明的，明智的

      involve20［in5vClv］v.①卷入，陷入，連累；②包含，含有，涉及

      knowledge 15［5nClidV］n.①知識，學識；②知道，了解

      leadership4［5li:dEFip］n.領導

      measure14［5meVE］v.測量；n.①尺寸，大小；②［常pl.］措施，辦法；③法案，法律規定

      moreover9［mC:5rEuvE］conj./ad.再者，加之，而且

      multiply1［5mQltiplai］v.①（by）乘，使相乘；②倍增，增加，繁殖

      nature14［5neitFE］n.①自然界，大自然；②性質，本性，天性

      note9［nEut］n.①筆記，記錄；②按語，注釋；③便條，短箋；④鈔票，紙幣；⑤暗示，建議v.①記下，摘下；②表明，認為

      numerical2［nju(:)5merikEl］a.數字的，用數表示的；a.數字的，用數字表示的

      object5［5CbdVikt］n.①物體；②客體，對象；③目的，目標；④賓語；v.（to）反對

      obtain11［Eb5tein］v.獲得，得到

      obvious13［5CbviEs］a.明顯的，顯而易見的

      parade1［pE5reid］n.游行，檢閱；v.（使）列隊行進，游行

      paragraph66［5pArEgrB:f］n.①段，節；②小新聞，短評

      pattern11［5pAtEn］n.①模式，式樣；②圖案，圖樣；v.仿制，模仿

      peer2［piE］n.同等的人，貴族；vi.凝視，窺視；vt.與…同等，封為貴族

      philosopher8［fi5lCsEfE］n.哲學家，哲人

      practical7［5prAktikEl］a.實際的，實用的

      predict13［pri5dikt］v.預言，預測，預告

      procedure4［prE5si:dVE］n.程序，手續，步驟

      reliable5［ri5laiEbl］a.可靠的

      result37［ri5zQlt］n.結果，成果，成績；v.①（in）導致，結果是；②（from）起因于，因…而造成

      scale3［skeil］n.①刻度，標度；②天平，磅秤；③比例尺；④規模；⑤音階；⑥魚鱗

      school 44［sku:l］n.①學校；②（大學里的）學院，系；③學派，流派

      science58［5saiEns］n.①科學；②學科

      score8［skC:］n.①得分，分數；②二十；v.得（分），記（…的）分數

      sequence1［5si:kwEns］n.①先后，次序；②連續，數列

      shape2［Feip］n.①形狀，外形；②情況，狀態；③種類；v.成型，塑造

      skeptical2［5skeptikEl］a.懷疑性的，好懷疑的，無神論的

      skip1［skip］v.跳，蹦，急速改變，跳讀，遺漏，跳躍；n.跳躍

      solve9［sClv］v.解決，解答

      specify2［5spesifai］v.指定，詳細說明

      statistical2［stE5tistikl］a.統計的，統計學的

      stress9［stres］n.①壓力，應力；②重音；v.強調，著重

      suit4［sju:t］v.①合適，適合；②相配，適應；n.①一套西服；②訴訟

      supplement2［5sQplimEnt］n.①補充；②增刊；③附錄；v.增刊，補充

      testify1［5testifai］v.（to）說明，證實

      variation2［7vZEri5eiFEn］n.①變化，變動；②變種，變異

      verbal3［5vE:bEl］a.①用言辭的，用文字的；②口頭的；③動詞的

      version2［5vE:FEn］n.①型，版本；②譯本，譯文；③說法，看法；④（某種）形式

      visual2［5viVjuEl］a.看的，視覺的

      web12［web］n.網，蜘蛛網

      word36［wE:d］n.①詞，單詞；②［常pl.］話；③消息，傳說；④諾言，保證；v.用言語表達

      assessment2［E5sesmEnt］n.估價，被估定的金額

      bookstore1［5bukstC:(r)］n.書店

      chronological1［7 krCnE5lCdVikEl］a.按年代順序排列的

      computational1［7kCmpju(:)5teiF(E)n(E)l］a.計算的

       correlated1［7kCrE5leitid］

      a.有相互關系的

      creativity5［7kri:ei5tivEti］n.創造力，創造

       distribution6［7distri5bju:FEn］n.分配，分發，配給物

      elude1［i5lju:d, i5lu:d］v.躲避

      encompass2［in5kQmpEs］v.包圍，環繞，包含

      envision1［in5viVEn］vt.想象， 預想

      folding1［fEuldiN］a.可折疊的

       fondness1［`fCndnIs］n.愛好， 溺愛

      given22［5giv(E)n］a.特定的，假設的

      guesswork1［5^eswE:k］n.臆想，猜測

      impartial2［im5pB:FEl］a.公平的，不偏不倚的

      indicator4［5indikeitE］n.指示器

      negatively1［5negEtivli］ad.否定地，消極地

      neurology1［njuE5rClEdVi］n.神經學， 神經病學

      philosophical1［7filE5sCfikEl］a.哲學的

      populate3［5pCpjuleit］v.居住，構成…人口

      primarily2［5praimErili］ad.首先，起初，主要地，根本上

      psychologist2［psai5kClEdVist］n.心理學者

      query2［5kwiEri］n.質問， 詢問；v.詢問

      scholastic1［skE5lAstik］a.學校的， 學者的；n.學究，學生

      standardize4［5stAndEdaiz］vt.使符合標準，使標準化

      superhigh1［5sju:pE5hai］a.超高的

       toil1［tCil］n.辛苦， 苦工；vi.跋涉，苦干

      traditional7［trE5diFEn(E)l］a.傳統的，慣例的，口傳的，傳說的

      visualize2［5vizjuElaiz］v.想像，顯現