(2)有關(guān)分詞句型
1)在表示感覺(jué)和心里狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to)，notice，observe，smell，watch這類表示感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞之后常跟“賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種動(dòng)詞與分詞之間的賓語(yǔ)可以是普通名詞或?qū)Ｓ忻~(人各等)，也可以是代詞賓格(him，us等)。例如：
She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising．她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來(lái)了。
I watched them rehearsing the play．我看他們排演戲。
I could feel the wind blowing on my face．我能感覺(jué)到風(fēng)在我臉上吹過(guò)。
2)表示“致使”等意義的動(dòng)詞，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1)的結(jié)構(gòu)，有時(shí)也可跟過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
I caught them stealing my apples．我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。
If she catches me reading her diary，she’ll be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會(huì)憤怒的。
We found him waiting to receive us．我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。
3)go +現(xiàn)在分詞表示“從事…”之意，這時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶外活動(dòng)。如：jogging慢跑，fishing釣魚(yú)，dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保齡球，shopping 購(gòu)物，sightseeing游覽，camping露營(yíng)。
I’ll go camping tomorrow．我明天去露營(yíng)。
I’ll go shopping．我去商店。
Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰嗎?
4)be busy + v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞)忙著做…
I am busy writing my thesis．我正忙著寫(xiě)論文。
His assistant is busy(in) correcting papers．他的助教忙于批閱考卷。
或者be busy with + n.忙著做某事。
He is busy with his work．他忙著工作。
5)What do you say to + ing分詞?(……怎么樣?)
What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我們一起進(jìn)餐，你看怎么樣?
(3)有關(guān)動(dòng)詞不定式句型
下面這些詞組是不定式的習(xí)慣用法，只能用不定式形式。
can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do
When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift.
(4)there be的非謂語(yǔ)形式
there be非謂語(yǔ)形式可在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。(其中作賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)在1991年和1994年測(cè)試過(guò)，定語(yǔ)見(jiàn)1996年題10。)
The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams．(作賓語(yǔ)如1991年題30)
1)作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用there to be結(jié)構(gòu)，而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動(dòng)詞為：expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如：
We don’t want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我們不希望有任何同志掉隊(duì)。
They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長(zhǎng)隊(duì)。
We have no objection to there being a meeting here．我們并不反對(duì)在這里開(kāi)會(huì)。
It isn’t enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jim’s car out quite safely．(作狀語(yǔ))
2)作狀語(yǔ)多用there being結(jié)構(gòu)，但若置于介詞之后，for用there to be整個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)作程度狀語(yǔ)，其它多半用there being。
There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself．由于附近沒(méi)有人，我只得獨(dú)自干了。(原因狀語(yǔ))
It’s too early for there to be anybody up．太早了，還不會(huì)有人起床。(作程度狀語(yǔ))
There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry．因?yàn)楹瞄L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因狀語(yǔ))
3)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)兩種結(jié)構(gòu)都可以，但如是用for引導(dǎo)則要用there to be。
It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young．老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問(wèn)題是很常見(jiàn)的。
There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers．幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對(duì)女教師十分方便。
4)作定語(yǔ)。 There be結(jié)構(gòu)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)為there be，there之前的關(guān)系代詞常常省略。如：
This is the fastest train (that) there is to Nanking．這是到南京的最快一班車。
I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people．我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。 |
