語言要生動
考研英語寫作時要吸引讀者的興趣，句子就需生動、充滿活力。平淡無味的句子會使人生厭，注意力分散。但要寫出生動的句子，我們建議大家必須注意做到：
1.交錯使用長短句
長句和短句各有各的特點，各有各的用場。長句結構復雜、容量大，能表達比較復雜的內容，敘事具體、說理嚴密。短句結構簡單、短小精悍、明白易懂。在寫作中應當交錯使用長句和短句，使句子的長短多樣化，增加語言的表現力。請看下面的一段話：
It is better to trust to valour than to luck.
靠運氣不如靠勇氣。
I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
這里出現的是一連串的短句，讀起來使人感到單調乏味，而且各句之間所固有的邏輯關系沒能用句法手段表達出來。為了使文字更為生動，意義更加明確，可做如下改動：
When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me.
2.靈活使用多樣句式
要達到語言的生動性，寫作時就要經常地變換句型和句子結構及表達思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子結構，使文章讀起來單調乏味。
在考慮英語句式的變化時，我們一般從以下幾個方面入手：
(1)既可以用主動式也可以用被動式，例如：
例1：Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
Today machines are widely used not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well.
例2：Some people believe that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.
It is believed by some people that it will be possible for automatic machines to replace completely in the future.
(2)既可以用肯定式也可以用否定式，例如：
例1：I shall go there unless it rains.
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.
例2：Their daily lives don’t provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.
Their daily lives fail to provide them with the exercise needed to keep them healthy.
(3)某些修飾成分既可以用在句子前面也可以用在后面，還可以用在中間，例如：
例1：With a car, people can get around freely.
People can get around freely with a car.
例2：In fact, speaking is one of the most important means of communication.
Speaking is in fact one of the most important means of communication.
(4)既可以是正常語序也可以是倒裝語序，例如：
例1：A new type of TV sets was among the products on display.
Among the products on display was a new type of TV sets.
例2：We did not realize the problem of energy crisis until the end of last century.
Not until the end of last century did we realize the problem of energy crisis.
(5)既可以用簡單句也可以用并列句或者主從復合句，例如：
例1：Nowadays a lot of people work in office, spending most of their time indoors.
Nowadays a lot of people work in office and they spend most of their time indoors.
例2：There are many means of getting information and they enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.
There are many means of getting information which enable us to keep up with what is going on in the world.
例3：Doonesbury cartoons satirize contemporary politics. The victims of political corruption pay no attention. They prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.
Doonesbury cartoons laugh at contemporary politics, but the victims of political corruption pay no attention and prefer to demand that newspapers not carry the strip.
例4：The campus parking problem is getting worse. The university is not building any new garages.
The campus parking problem is getting worse because the university is not building any new garages.
Ignorance is the mother of impudence.——無知是魯莽之源。
3.善用形象化語言
適當地使用一些修辭手法如比喻、夸張、排比、擬人等能更形象、更深刻地說明事理，增加文章的活力。例如：
In the morning the dust hung like fog, and the sun was as red as ripe new blood. (明喻)
His daughter is the apple of his eyes. (暗喻)
An idea spoke within him, racing through his mind. (擬人)
His voice was loud enough to wake the dead. (夸張)
Many of us allow our children to eat junk, watch junk, listen to junk, talk junk, play with junk, and then we are surprised when they turn out to be social junkies. (排比)
4.恰當使用英語習語
寫作時適當地使用習語、成語等也是使語言生動活潑的好辦法。如：
Once a man is dead, there is no helping; you can’t rekindle the spark of life in him.
本句中的there is no helping是漢語式的英語，不符合英語的習慣說法。這里雖然用了比喻，但更改了原來的主語，句子顯得羅嗦、笨拙。如果改成下面的習慣表達，句子變得既簡潔又生動。
Once a man is dead, he can’t be brought back to life.
再如The committee refused to listen to our request.如果被改成The committee turned a deaf ear to our request.句子生動，增加了文采。
友情提示：句式多樣化是英語作文取得高分的靈丹妙藥，請你一定要勤學苦練，掌握這一招。另外，在使用一些修辭方法和英語習語的時候，要注意盡量避免老套的比喻或盡人皆知的習語。 |
