2018考研英語復習：”一詞多義”詞匯如何破

 　　2018考研的小伙伴們分享了部分考研英語詞匯在整個考研英語中的重要意義，不知道各位有木有進行深入的思考。

　　一詞多義——discipline

　　首先，之所以選擇這個詞匯作為事例，是因為一是這個詞匯來源于考研閱讀真題，二是根據這個詞匯，出題人為各位考生在題目選項中埋下了坑。各位小伙伴們先和我來看一下這個詞匯吧：

　　Why mention the elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics ,especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.

　　Acute foreign observers related American adaptiveness and inventiveness to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, "With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. "

　　It is implied that adaptiveness and inventiveness of the early American mechanics__

　　(A)benefited a lot from their mathematical knowledge

　　(B)shed light on disciplined school management

　　(C)was brought about by privileged home training

　　(D)owed a lot to the technological development

　　這個時候各位考生可以直接參看文章中的discipline和選項B中的discipline的意思是否一致，以及在題目考察上，出題人的心思都“放在了哪兒”。拋去整個段落的意思及其他選項以及B選項是否正確，我們就discipline一詞進行分析。文章中的discipline是在引語“With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman”，從discipline所處的位置可以推出discipline在這里是名詞的詞性，從其眾多名詞詞義出發，我們不難推出discipline的意思為訓練，a mind prepared by thorough school discipline的意思為學校徹底訓練過的頭腦，而在選項中shed light on disciplined school management中的discipline則是使用了discipline的過去分詞形式，相當于作定語，因此，這個時候我們就需要考慮discipline的動詞意思了(訓練，訓導，懲戒)。Shed light on 是闡釋的意思，而disciplined school management則是嚴格的學校管理。因此，不難看出，出題人在這里給考生設置了干擾選項，其中discipline一詞在這個“坑”上功不可沒。