攻克考研英語長難句要注意分析結構拆分句子,怎么拆分,從哪兒拆分,建議大家把我五大信號。
考研英語長難句拆分信號:
1、標點符號:比如,2個逗號形成插入語,破折號表示解釋說明,分號相當于“and”表示并列;
2、連詞:并列句的并列連詞and、or、but、yet、for等,從句的從屬連詞which、that、when、how、if等;
3、介詞:介詞引導介詞短語,介詞短語在句子中可充當定語、狀語等修飾成分;
4、不定式符號to:不定式符號to引導不定式短語,在句子中除了可以充當主語、賓語、表語、補語等主干成分外,還可做定語、狀語等修飾成分;
5、分詞:分詞包括現在分詞和過去分詞,在句子中可充當定語和狀語修飾成分。
下面我們就按照長難句拆分原則,依照這些拆分信號,結合考研英語閱讀或翻譯真題中的長難句進行實戰演練一下吧!
1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點:從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號
This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.
(2)句子結構
找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
找連詞(when, that, that)
前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即為主句的謂語動詞
確定主從句
主句:This trend began during the Second World War;
從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句嵌套著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail做定語修飾the Second World War;that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion;that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(4)本句的參考譯文
這種趨勢始于第二次世界大戰期間,當時一些國家的政府得出結論:政府向科研機構提出的要求通常是無法詳盡預見的。
總之,只要考生對句子結構有個透徹的理解,弄清句子的各個成分,并可以借助連詞、介詞、非謂語動詞等手段把句子由簡單變得復雜,由復雜變得簡單,這樣句子結構分析技能提高了,長難句也就攻克了,對于考研閱讀和翻譯的理解也就簡單了。
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