2017年考研英語閱讀中的“九大符號秘密”

 　　考研界公認的一條準則：得閱讀者得天下。閱讀的考察大到篇章，小到標點符號，所以我們要掌握各個細節，知己知彼方能百戰不殆。下面為大家總結考研閱讀中常用標點符號，希望引起考生對閱讀理解中標點加以重視。

　　1. 逗號 comma

　　用于分割并列成分。考研重點：兩個逗號之間，或者一個逗號之后，如果是補充說明成分時，跳過不看。Eg. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition.

　　2.句號 period/full stop

　　①用于陳述句，表示一個句子的結束， 起分割切分句子作用。

　　②用于某些縮略詞之后。比如Mr.、 Ms.、 etc.等等。如果句號作為簡寫符號使用，那么這個詞語簡寫前后面的符號應該照常寫上，因為簡寫號并非句號，也不遵循句號的語法。比如Entreprise Co., Ltd或者I invited Tom, Jerry, etc..(注意兩個點)。

　　③用作小數點

　　3. 問號

　　考研英語閱讀文章中的問號一般都是設問的功能，只問不答，答案不言自明。Eg1. 考研難道沒有價值嗎?另外，如果開篇就是問句，那么則屬于問題答案型文章，對問題的回答就是全文主旨。

　　4. 冒號(colon)：冒號前后是從抽象到具體的過程，后面進一步補充說明前面的內容。

　　Eg.1997 passage 3 Q2

　　60. The word "pervasive" (Line 1, Paragraph 2) might mean ________.

　　[A] widespread [B] overwhelming

　　[C] piercing [D] fashionable

　　We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.

　　5.分號(semi-colon)前后是并列關系，包括結構上并列和語義上的并列。

　　For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. (2000 Passage2)

　　6. 引號(quotation marks)：①引用 ②強調 ③諷刺

　　Eg1 “Scientific” creationism, which is being pushed by some for “equal time” in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science.

　　7. 括號(parentheses ) ①解釋說明生詞。②補充說明

　　Drugs (substances) that affect the central nervous system and alter perception, mood, and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. (1997，Text 3)

　　8. 破折號(dash)

　　①一個破折號后面起補充說明或評價判斷。

　　I am an idiot - the stupidest kind of all.

　　“This book stands for reason itself.” And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.

　　②兩破折號之間其補充說明，可先跳過不看。

　　In Australia—where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their part—other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

　　9.省略號(ellipsis) ...

　　英文中的省略號的作用和漢語是一樣的。當省略號在句圍并且有下文時，應該打四個點，比較后一個為句號。如:And it flew further, and further, and further.... Jorge smiled and turned back.當省略號在句尾并作為語氣延長的作用時，應使用修辭前的標點，如：Do you love me...?其余情況下使用三個點。如：The Martians...they just...just bombed our...our town, please send...more...

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